2. Reported Speech (косвенная речь)

При пересказе чужой мысли в косвенной речи происходят грамматические изменения, по смыслу заменяются некоторые слова, меняется интонация.

Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в одном из настоящих или будущих времен, глагол придаточного предложения может употребляться в любом необходимым по смыслу времени.

Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в одном из прошедших времен, то в придаточном предложении начинает действовать правило согласования времен:

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple "I like walking," she said.	Past Simple / Present Simple She said she liked / likes walking.
Present Continuous "He is watching TV," she said.	Past Continuous She said he was watching TV.
Present Perfect "He has just left," she said.	Past Perfect She said he had just left.

Past Simple "He left an hour ago," she said.	Past Perfect She said he had left an hour before.
Future Simple "He'll be back in an hour," she said.	Future-in-the-Past She said he would be back in an hour.

Правило согласования времен в косвенной речи может не соблюдаться, если высказывание представляет собой общеизвестную истину.

The teacher said to the children, “Twice two is four.” – The teacher told the children (that) twice two is four.

При изменении прямой речи в косвенную изменяются некоторые слова:

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

here there

this that/the

today that day

now then

ago before

tomorrow the next day/the following day

yesterday the day before/the previous day

next Monday the following Monday

last Monday the previous Monday

Вопросы в косвенной речи

Общие вопросы превращаются в косвенной речи в дополнительные придаточные предложения, которые вводятся безударными союзами if или whether, соответствующими по своему значению русской частице ли.

Общий вопрос в косвенной речи обычно вводится глаголами to ask, to wonder, to want to know:

news.

“Have you heard the news?” she asked me. – She asked if I’d heard the

“Do you agree with me?” he asked us. – He wondered whether we

agreed with him.

Специальный вопрос в косвенной речи вводится тем же вопросительным словом, что и в прямой речи. Порядок слов становится прямым. Специальный вопрос в косвенной речи вводится теми же глаголами, что и общий вопрос:

She asked me, “Where is the book?” - She asked me where the book

was.

He asked her, “Why are you leaving so soon?” – He asked her why she

was leaving so soon.

Просьбы и приказания в косвенной речи

При передаче просьб и приказаний в косвенной речи повелительное наклонение превращается в инфинитив.

He said to me: “Please don’t forget to make all the necessary calls.” – He asked me not to forget to make all the necessary calls.

Задание 2.1. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи:

1. "I've finished all my work." she said.

2. ―I‘ll clean the car tomorrow,‖ Tim said to his father.

3. "I've forgotten to bring my lunch with me," he said.

4. "British weather is not always wonderful." she said.

5. "They don't have to come if they don't feel like it." he said.

6. "My father will be angry with me if he finds out." she said.

7. His mother said: ―I can‘t help you with your homework, I‘m busy.‖

8. She said: ―I‘m getting bored with this film.‖

9. Paul said: ―I met your friend yesterday.‖

10. Jane said: ―I‘m afraid of dogs.‖

Задание 2.2. Передайте следующие вопросы в косвенной речи:

1. "Why are you looking at me like that?" she asked him.

2. "Where have you been?" Gary asked his wife.

3. "Do you know Garfield?" she asked me.

4. ―Did you enjoy the film?‖ she asked her son.

5. ―What are you doing now?‖ he asked me.

6. ―Have you ever been abroad?‖ they asked him.

7. ―What were you doing yesterday evening?‖ he asked her.

8. ―Is there a post office near here?‖ a man asked me.

9. ―Why have you come?‖ she asked him.

10. ―Whom did you meet there?‖ his father asked him.

Задание 2.З. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи:

1. "Don't play with matches," his mother said.

2. "Go to bed!" Father said to the children.

3. "Do it now!" Said the teacher.

4. "Make the bed." Said his mother.

5. ―Please explain it again,‖ she said to him.

6. She said to the children, ―Don‘t make so much noise!‖