4. Paraphrase the sentences using the synonyms from the box instead of the underlined words.

proof, break down, accomplishment, disclose, insufficient clearly, vice versa, principal singularity, compare conclusion, constitute, must

1. Research is an endeavour to discover new or collate old facts by the scientific study of a subject or by a course of critical investigation.

2. Research method essentially provide a model or structure for logical argument.

3. However, there are many reasons why this approach is an unsatisfactory model for research.

4. The artefact may fail long before we learn anything about the conclusion that we are seeking to support.

5. This explicitly identifies the ideas that are to be tested by the research.

6. The ability to repeat an experiment is a key feature of strong empirical research.

7. This presents and compiles the results that have been gathered from following the method.

8. Conversely, successful results might be based upon incorrect assumptions.

9. They also explicitly state the criteria for valid inferences.

10. This stress upon the analysis of a final implementation closely resembles proof by demonstration.

5. Match the words in column a with their antonyms in column b. Make up word combinations with some of them.

abandon	contrast
immature	weakness
limit	discourage
resemble	luckily
strength	useless
unfortunately	support
urge	increase
valuable	developed

6. Insert the proper prepositions.

In (3) of (2) by (1) for (1) from (1)

1. It is possible to identify two different approaches … computing science.

2. Typically, this is done … setting up a description of the intended system behaviour.

3. The attractions … mathematical proof techniques are very strong.

4. They also explicitly state the criteria … the environmental conditions.

5. This presents and compiles the results that have been gathered … following the method.

6. It is vital that all details … a method are made available to peer review.

7. Model checking tools then automatically explore the state space of the proposed application … an attempt to find a situation … which the desired conclusion does not hold.

7. Match the words in column a with their definitions in column b.

approach	an object that was made a long time ago and is historically important, for example a tool or weapon
argument	a piece of true information
artefact	information or evidence that shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists
assumption	the process of trying to find out all the details or facts about something in order to discover who or what caused it or how it happened
conclusion	an idea that attempts to explain something but has not yet been tested or proved to be correct
empiricism	to say that a statement is not true or accurate without giving proof
fact	a particular way of thinking about or dealing with something
hypothesis	something that you decide is true after thinking about it carefully and looking at all the evidence
investigation	a reason or set of reasons that you use for persuading other people to support your views, opinions etc.
proof	the belief that ideas should be based on real experience or scientific experiments rather than on theory
refute	something that you consider likely to be true even though no one has told you directly or even though you have no proof