Вариант № 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “s” и какова функция этого окончания (множественное число существительного, притяжательный падеж существительного, 3 лицо единственного числа глагола настоящего неоп­ределенного времени). Переведите предложениянарусскийязык.

1.It is very important to simplify the problem of running trains.

2.A train loses too much time because of delays and stops.

3.The computer’s electronic memory have been introduced

on railways of many countries.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие раз­ные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1.Longer rails increase the comfort of passengers..

2.The more we learn about the work of train dispatcher, the better

we understand its importance.

3. The best site for a station generally is near the centre of a town.

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите ви­довременную форму глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Сделайте эти предложения отрицательными.

1.The railroads equipped many trains with automatic control.

2. The workers will be washing the cars in the coach all day tomorrow.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

The Railway Track.

The railway track differs from other kinds of roads. It has a raised track for its cars and locomotives. Some railways have two or several tracks. On each track all trains usually move in one direction. In order to make trains pass from one track to another there is a switch. It is a necessary part of the track.

The distance between the rails is called the “gauge” of the railroad. Railway rails differ in size and weight. We use the heaviest rail on trunk lines. These lines carry the largest volume of freight and passenger traffic.

Ballast is also a very important element in track construction.

trunk line – магистральная линия

Вариант № 4

I. Перепишитеследующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “s” и какова функция этого окончания (множественное число существительного, притяжательный падеж существительного, 3 лицо единственного числа глагола настоящего неоп­ределенного времени). Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык.

1.On rainy days the ballast lets the water drain away quickly

without weakening the track.

2.Radio helps car inspectors to save their time.

3. Frolov’s rails were elliptical instead of being angular.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, содержащие раз­ные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1.The work of a freight yard is very difficult and requires much time.

2.This car is much more comfortable than that one.

3. As broken granite is the most suitable material, it is used for ballast.

III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите ви­довременную форму глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Сделайте эти предложения отрицательными.

1.The railway needs thousands of skilled workers.

2. Thetrain was approaching the platform when we came to the station.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Length of Rails.

The length of rails varies considerably in various countries. The rail joint is the weakest part of the track structure and railways have to use long rails as possible. A limiting factor is the transportation of rails. Rails have to be such length that they may be carried in the longest standard wagons. Very long rails cannot be handled by manual labour and special handling devices, such as cranes, are necessary. Longer rails increase the comfort of passengers.

Now the rails are welded together after laying. Eight welded rails can be laid per day. Many countries are carrying out investigations of welding processes. Long welded rails are now widely used in every country of the world.

to handle - грузить

handling device – погрузочно-разгрузочноеустройство