Consonant charts
It is often useful to display the consonants of a language in the form of a chart. There is a conventional way of doing so:
Columns show places of articulation, arranged (roughly) from the front of the vocal tract to the back.
Rows show manners of articulation.
Within each cell, the symbol for a voiceless sound is shown toward the left of the cell and the symbol for a voiced sound toward the right.
The following is the chart for English consonants:
|
bilabial |
labiodental |
dental |
alveolar |
postalveolar |
retroflex |
palatal |
velar |
glottal |
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plosive |
p |
b |
|
|
t |
d |
|
|
|
k |
ɡ |
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nasal |
|
m |
|
|
|
n |
|
|
|
|
ŋ |
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fricative |
|
f |
v |
θ |
ð |
s |
z |
ʃ |
ʒ |
|
|
|
h |
|
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approximant |
|
(w) |
|
|
|
|
|
ɹ |
|
j |
|
(w) |
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lateral approximant |
|
|
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
|
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affricate |
|
|
|
|
tʃ |
dʒ |
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|
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