- •Введение
- •Структура и содержание пособия
- •Методические рекомендации
- •Contents
- •Phonetics. Rules of reading
- •Phonetic exercises Выполните тренировочные упражнения, обращая особое внимание на правила чтения
- •Grammar references
- •1. Существительные
- •2. Местоимения
- •3. Числительные
- •4. Прилагательные
- •5. Наречия
- •6. Вопросительные слова
- •7. Глагол
- •8. Простое предложение
- •Сложносочиненные предложения
- •Сложноподчиненные предложения
- •Безличные предложения
- •Неопределенноличные предложения
- •Grammar tests
- •1.1. Mark the sentences below as either right (r) or wrong (w) and correct the mistakes where necessary.
- •1.2. Articles in definite or indefinite phrases
- •1.3. Articles in general statements
- •1.4. Articles: general and specific meaning
- •1.5. Articles with the names of institutions and some other nouns
- •1.6. Fill in the gaps with the words from the right column using the definite article where necessary.
- •1.7. Articles with place names
- •1.8. Articles (general)
- •1.9. Articles with phrases of time and meals
- •1.10. Choose the correct variant.
- •2.1 Mark the sentences below as either right (r) or wrong (w) and correct the mistakes where necessary.
- •2.2 Adjectives or adverbs?
- •2.3 Adjective or noun?
- •2.4. Degrees of comparison
- •2.5 Adverbs of frequency
- •2.6 Adverbs of indefinite frequency
- •2.7 Word order participles used as adjectives
- •2.8 Word order: adjectives
- •2.9 Word order: adverbs
- •2.10 Choose the correct variant.
- •3.1 Mark the sentences below as either right (r) or wrong (w) and correct the mistakes where necessary.
- •3.2 Simple tenses and Continuous tenses.
- •3.3 The Present Continuous and the Present Perfect Continuous
- •3.4 The Present Perfect and the Past Simple
- •3.5 Tense forms compared (the Active Voice)
- •3.6 The Passive Voice
- •3.7 Tense forms compared
- •3.8 Choose the correct variant.
- •4.1 Mark the sentences below as either right (r) or wrong (w) and correct the mistakes where necessary.
- •4.2 Modals I. Can, may, must
- •4.3 Modals II Obligation and ability
- •4.4 Conditionals
- •4.5 Conditionals (general)
- •4.6 The subjunctive
- •4.7 Choose the correct variant.
- •5.3 Reported speech.
- •5.4 Indirect questions
- •5.4 Choose the correct variant.
- •6.1 Mark the sentences below as either right or wrong and correct the mistakes where necessary.
- •6.2 Much/ many, (a) little/ (a) few
- •6.3 Each and every.
- •6.4 Every, all, most, above, both, either/ neither.
- •6.5 Numerals
- •6.6 Quantifiers and related words (general)
- •6.7 Choose the correct variant.
- •7.1 Mark the sentences below as either right or wrong and correct the mistakes where necessary.
- •7.2 Adjectives ending in –ing/-ed
- •7.3 Choose the correct variant.
- •7.4 Choose the correct variant.
- •Texts for reading, discussing and reasoning Unit I. About myself and my research
- •Reading comprehension
- •I. Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •Talking points
- •Unit II. Daily programme
- •I. Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •Talking points
- •Unit III. Belgorod state university
- •I. Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •III. Talking points
- •Unit IV. Belgorod
- •I. Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •III. Talking points
- •Speak about advantages and disadvantages of
- •Unit V. Russia
- •I. Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •Talking points
- •Unit VI. Great britain and northern ireland
- •I.Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations, trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •III. Talking points
- •Unit VII. London
- •Unit VIII. Future career
- •I. Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •III. Talking points
- •I. Find Russian equivalents to the underlined expressions in the text and make up short situations trying to use as many lexical units as it is possible.
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents to the expressions bellow and write a few sentences with them.
- •III. Talking points
- •Speak about advantages and disadvantages of - Сhoosing a career on your own.
- •VIII. Role-playing.
- •1) Act out in pairs the following situations:
- •Is the reason of increasing number of divorces in relaxed divorce laws?
- •1. St Petersburg
- •2. The crime rate nowadays
- •Sources
- •Glossary
- •Conversational expressions
- •List of words and phrases to use giving a Summary of the article/story
- •Connectors and sequence markers
- •1. Logical connectors and sequence markers
- •2. Textual connectors and sequence markers
- •Instructions информационная программа
- •1. Виды чтения
- •2. Обучение просмотровому чтению
- •3. Аннотирование и реферирование
- •3 08015, Г. Белгород, ул. Победы, 85
Contents
ВВЕДЕНИЕ 3
PHONETICS. RULES OF READING 7
PHONETIC EXERCISES 11
GRAMMAR. REFERENCES 13
GRAMMAR TESTS 23
TEXTS FOR READING, DISCUSSING AND REASONING
Unit 1.ABOUT MYSELF AND MY RESEARCH WORK 89
Unit 2. MY DAILY PROGRAMME 92
Unit 3. BELGOROD STATE UNIVERSITY 95
Unit 4. BELGOROD 99
Unit 5. RUSSIA 102
Unit 6. GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHEN IRELAND 107
Unit 7. LONDON 110
Unit 8. FUTURE CAREER 114
TEXTS FOR ADDITIONAL READING
Social Work World 119
FAMILY LIFE 120
THE CHANGING OF AMERICA'S FAMILIES 122
PARENT – CHILDREN INTERACTION 125
FRIENDS AND FRIENDSHIP 126
GENERATION GAP 127
WORKING MOTHERS – HARMFUL OR NOT? 130
The Only Child in a Family 131
Marriages – Official or Not 132
Role of Women in Society 133
Is the reason of increasing number of divorces in relaxed divorce laws? 135
Children & Divorce: The Effects Of Divorce On Children 136
MONEY 140
READING STRUGGLES 148
FROM THE HISTORY OF COMMUNICATIONS: THE TELEPHONE 151
SURFING THE NET 154
What Makes People Commit Crimes? 158
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS 162
rEADER 165
SOURсES 183
GLOSSARY 184
APPENDIX 1 CONVERSATIONAL EXPRESSIONS 194
APPENDIX 2 LIST OF Words and phrases TO usE givING a Summary of the article/story 200
Appendix 3 Instructions 202
Phonetics. Rules of reading
Правила чтения
Запомните правила чтения ударных сочетаний гласных букв: |
||
Буквосочетание |
Чтение |
Примеры |
|
[ei] |
Spain, main, tail, wait, day. say, may, pay |
|
[i:] |
see, meet, need, fleet, meat, read, teach, please |
ew |
[ju:] |
new, few, stew |
|
[oi] |
point, noise, coin, oil, toy, boy, oyster |
oo+k |
[u] |
book, look, hook, cook |
oo |
[u:] |
too, cool, room, foot |
|
[au] |
out, round, house, blouse, brown, down, town, how |
ai+r |
[æə] |
chair, hairy, fair |
ee+r |
[iə] |
engineer, pioneer |
ou+r |
[auə] |
our, hour, sour |
oo+r |
[o:] |
door, poor |
Запомните правила чтения английских гласных в ударных словах: |
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Буква Тип чтения |
Aa [ei] |
Oo [ou] |
Ee [i:] |
Ii [ai] |
Yy [wai] |
Uu [ju] |
|||
I (откр) заканчивается на гласную |
[ei] Kate name table |
[ou] nose note rose |
[i:] be me Pete |
[ai] fine mine line |
[wai] my fly cry |
[ju] tube cube tune |
|||
II (закр) заканчивается на согласную |
[k] cat flat bad |
[o] not pot lot |
[e] pen ten red |
[i] big pig sit |
[i] system myth syntax |
[A] but cup nut |
|||
III – гласная + r (+согл) |
[a:] large car park |
[o:] fork Norman pork |
[ε:] Bert perfume her |
[ε:] bird firm girl |
[ε:] Byrd Cyrd |
[ε:] fur turkey turn |
|||
IV – гласная + r +e или другая гласная |
[æə] Mary hare care |
[o:] more store shore |
[iƏ] here mere reredos |
[aiə] fire hire shire |
[aiə] tyre tyrant pyre |
[juə] during pure cure |
|||
Запомните правила чтения согласных c,g,s,x. Они имеют два варианта чтения: |
|||||||||
Буква |
Позиция |
Чтение |
Примеры |
||||||
Cc [sJ] |
|
[s] [k] |
cent, pencil, icy cat, come, cup, black |
||||||
Gg [GJ] |
|
[dз] [g] |
page, gin gypsy, good, green, big |
||||||
Ss [es] |
|
[s]
[z] |
sit, student, lists
please, ties, pens |
||||||
Xx [eks] |
|
[ks] [gz] |
text, six, next exam, exist |
||||||
Запомните правила чтения сочетания согласных букв: |
|||
Буква |
Позиция |
Чтение |
Примеры |
sh |
Любая |
[S] |
she, finish, shy |
ch |
Любая |
[tS] |
chess, child, chalk |
tch |
После кратких гласных |
[θ] |
math, watch, catch |
ck |
После кратких гласных |
[k] |
black, neck, reck, rock |
th |
В начале знаменательных слов и в конце слова В начале местоимений, служебных слов и между гласными |
[θ]
[ð] |
thick, myth, thank
this, bathe, that, the |
wh |
В начале слова, перед всеми гласными, кроме Оо Перед буквой Оо |
[w]
[h] |
what, why, when, which who, whose, whom |
qu |
Перед гласными |
[kw] |
question, queen, quite |
ng |
В конце слова |
[n] |
long, morning, evening |
nk |
Любая |
[ŋk] |
thank, bank, sink, think |
wr |
В начале слова, перед гласными |
[r] |
write, wrong, written |
kn |
В начале слова |
[n] |
know, knife, knight |
ph |
Любая |
[f] |
phone, photograph, phase |
Запомните некоторые правила чтения сочетаний гласных с согласными: |
|||
Буквосочетание |
Позиция |
Чтение |
Примеры |
al |
|
[O:] [O:l] |
chalk, talk wall, also, all, call, ball |
war |
Перед согласными в ударном слоге |
[wε:] |
work, word |
wa |
|
[wO] [wO:] |
want, water warm, war |
igh |
Любая |
[ai] |
light, night, bright |
tion |
Любая |
[Sn] |
revolution, pollution |
sion |
|
[Zn] [Sn] |
television, revision conversion, version |
cei |
Любая |
[si:] |
ceiling, receive |
ower |
Любая |
[auə] |
flower, power |
gu |
Перед гласными |
[g] |
quest, guard, guile |
ture |
Любая |
[tSə] |
literature, nature, furniture |
ous |
любая |
[əs] |
famous, serious, delicious |
Запомните правила чтения гласных в неударных слогах: Примечание: В неударных слогах гласные редуцируются, т.е. теряют своё основное качество. |
|||||
Буква |
Позиция |
Чтение |
Примеры |
||
Aa |
|
[i] [ə] |
comrade ['komrid] library ['laibrəri] |
||
Ee |
|
[i]
[ə] |
begin [bi'gin] telephone ['telifoun] |
||
paper ['peipə] sentence ['sentəns] |
|||||
Ii Yy |
В предударном слоге и в послеударном слоге без r |
[i] |
mistake [mis'teik] ministry ['ministri] |
||
Oo |
|
Не читается [ou] |
lesson [lesn] also ['olsou] |
||
Uu |
|
[ju] [ə] |
institute ['institju:t] difficult ['difikəlt] |
||
Примечание: Перед r все гласные в неударных слогах читаются [ə]: |
|||||
|
grammar |
['græmə] |
|||
|
doctor |
['doktə] |
|||
|
teacher |
['ti:tSə] |
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