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Exercises (b)

1. Сomplete the following sentences using suitable words and word-combinations given below:

considerations; hazard; flash flooding; flow velocity; storm sewers; communities; flood events; densely populated areas; accumulation; water depth.

1. Urban flooding is the inundation of land or property in a built environment, particularly in more.............................., caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems, such as ....................... 2. Although sometimes triggered by events such as ......................... or snowmelt, urban flooding is a condition, characterized by its repetitive and systemic impacts on.........................., that can happen regardless of whether or not affected communities are located within formally designated floodplains or near any body of water. 3. There are several ways in which stormwater enters properties: backup through sewer pipes, toilets and sinks into buildings; seepage through building walls and floors; the ......................of water on property and in public rights-of-way; and the overflow from water bodies such as rivers and lakes. 4. The flood flow in urbanized areas constitutes a ......................to both the population and infrastructure. 5. Flood flows in urban environments have been studied relatively recently despite many centuries of....................... 6. However, some recent field measurements during the 2010–2011 Queensland floods showed that any criterion solely based upon the.........................., water depth or specific momentum cannot account for the hazards caused by velocity and .....................fluctuations.  7. These ............................ignore further the risks associated with large debris entrained by the flow motion.

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