Komputeris tipebi

rogorckomputerebis Seqmnis istoriulma mimoxilvam dagvanaxa, pirvel etepebze gadamwyveti sityva ekuTvnoda pirovnebebs. magram SemdgomSi ganviTareba ZiriTadSi ganisazRvreboda teqnologiuri da ekonomikuri aspeqtebiT. Intel -is erT erTma damaarsebelma korporaciis direqtorTa sabWos yofilma xelmZRvanelma Ggordon murma dainaxa kanonzomiereba komputerebis ganviTarebasa da teqnologiis ganviTarebebis Soris. es urTierT damokidebuleba cnobilia muris kanonis saxeliT. kanoni ambobs , rom 18 TveSi tranzistorebis raodenoba procesoris mikrosqemaSi ormagdeba , xolo Sesabamisad maxsovroba izrdeba 4 –jer ix nax 0-2.

nax 0-2

Znelia prognozis gakeTeba Tu kidev ramdexans ‘imuSavebs’ es kanoni, magram albaT 2020-2025 w.w.

komputerebis tipebis zogadi klasifikacia warmodgenilia cxr 1

komputeris tipi	fasi (dolarebSi)	gamoyenebis sfero
‘erTjeradi’ komputeri	0.5	misaloci baraTebi
mikrokontrolerebi	5	saaTebi,xelsawyoebi,manqanebi
saTamaSo komputerebi	50	saxlis saTamaSo komputerebi
personaluri komputerebi	500	samagido da portatiuli komputerebi
serverebi	5000	gamoTvliTi qselebi
muSa sadgurebi	50000-500000	super- mini komputerebi
mainfreimebi	5000000	bankebSi da sxva did organizaciebSi paketuri damuSaveba.

‘erTjeradi ‘ komputerebis gamoyenebis sferos zusti warmodgenac ki Znelia. sayovelTaod gavrcelebulia e.w. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification ) mikrosqema romelsac 128 bitiani saidentifikacio kodi aqvs. igi gamoiyeba samrewvelo saqonlis ,wamlebis,sabanko operaciebis da sxva mravali nawarmis saidentifikaciod da damTavrebuli Sinauri wvrilfexa da msxvilfexa saqonliT damTavrebuli. konstruqciuli gaformebis TvalsazrisiT isini SeiZleba iyvnen pasiuri an aqtiurni. AaRsaniSnavia,rom 2006 wels holandieli endriu tonenbaumis mier Seiqmna analogiuri saxelis virusi romelic iyenebs SQL –s ORACLE bazebTan urTierTobisTvis da aqvs SesaZlebloba 127 simbolis damaxsovrebis.

Semdegi saxea mikrokontrolerebi ,romelTa gavrcelebis areali marTlac ganuzomlad didia cxr 2.

dasaxeleba	gamoyenebis sfero
sayofacxovrebo teqnika	maRviZarebi,sarecxi manqanebi,gasaSrobi aparatura,mikrotalRovani Rumelebi dacvis signalizaciebi
komunikatorebi	peijerebi,mobilurebi,faqsebi
periferiuli mowyobilobebi	printerebi,modemebi,skanerebi, CD_ROM
gasarTobi mowyobilobebi	video magnitofonebi,muzikis centrebi, DVD MP3 damkvrelebi,
gamosaxulebebis xelsawyoebi	televizorebi,cifruli video kamerebi,cifruli foto aparatebi,obieqtivebi,aslebis mimRebi aparatura
samedicino xelsawyoebi	rentgenuli aparatura, kardiografi, tomografi cifruli Termometrebi
samxedro gamoyeneba	torpedoebi,frTosani raketebi,balistikuri raketebi
savaWro mowyobilobebi	savaWro aparatebi,sakaso aparatebi
saTamaSoebi	radio marTvadi saTamaSoebi ,video TamaSebi, molaparake Tojinebi.

daniSnulebis mixedviT mikrokontrolerebi iyofa universalur da specializirebul mikrokontrolerebad.saerToa maTi realur droSi muSaoba. miuxedavad mcire gabaritebisa isini srulfasovani gamomTvleli manqanebia. programuli uzrunvelyofa ZiriTadad Cawerilia mudmiv maxsovrobaSi, xolo momxmarebelTan urTierTobisTvis gamoiyeneba martivi pultebi.

mikrokontroleris funqcionalur sirTuleze SeiZleba vimsjeloT im arasruli periferiiT, romlebic SeiZleba arsebobdnen masSi:

-sxvadasxva saxis interfeisebi: USB,Ethernet,IEEE 1394,SPI,CAN da sxva

-analogiur-cifruli da cifrul-analogiuri gardamsaxebi

-komparatorebi

-taimerebi

-CaSenebuli taqturi generatorebi

-displeebis da klaviaturis marTva da sxva mravali

maTi programireba xdeba asembleris enaze, an Ci –ze an kompilatorebiT sxva enebidan,beisikis interpretatoriT an e.w releur kontaqturi sqemiT.

saTamaSo komputerebi es igive komputerebia, oRond gaumjobesebuli maRalxarisxovani grafikuli da audio parametrebiT. da SedarebiT naklebi programuli uzrunvelyofis universalurobiT. aq gamoirCeva Play Station 3 , Microsoft XBOX , Nintedo GameCube.

isini Seqmnilia mZlavr procesorebze.ase magaliTad Play Station 3 romlis ,procesoria Cell Broadband Engine taqturi sixSiriT 3.2 ggh, grafikuli procesoria RSX “realobis sintezatori” . video Cipis taqturi sixSirea 550 mgh da aqvs 256 mbt maxsovroba.. TviT PS3 aqvs 256 mbt XDR DDRAM operatiuli maxsovroba. qselur da ulabelo muSaobas uzrunvelyofs Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b/g), Gigabit Ethernet и Bluetooth 2.0. aqvs 4 porti USB 2.0

aRsaniSnavia, rom aqc iyo mravali warmatebuli mcdeloba xakerebis mier am modelis dacvis gatexvisa.

personaluri komputerebi yvelaze gavrcelebuli klasia komputerebis. aq ganarCeven ‘samagido, noutbukebs da ‘jibis’ personalur komputerebs.

miuxedavad konstruqciuli saxeebisa isini , yvela , Seicavs maxsovrobas ramodenime aseuli mgb, myar disks ramodenime aseul gb-ze, CD/DVD mowyobilobas,modems,qselur interfeis,maRali xarisxis monitors da sxva periferiul mowyobilobebs.xarisxis (parametrebis) ganmsazRvrelia e.w. “deda plata”

serveri. es aris mZlavri gamomTvleli manqana, romlebic SeiZleba iyos erT procesoriani da multiprocesoriani. erTprocesoriani serveris arqiteqtura mcired gansxvavdeba personaluri komputerisagan.gansxvaveba mxolod teqnikur parametrebSia.operaciul sistemebad gamoiyeneba UNIX (LINUX)Lda gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi WINDOWS.

konstruqciuli TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba gamovarCioT mikroserverebi,romlebic gamoirCevian simartiviT, saimedobiT da xelmiswmvdomlobiT,

bleid serverebi Tavisi saimedobiT, udidesi warmadobiT da sakomunikacio SesaZleblobebiT,

awyobad 19 diumian konstruqciuli karadebis serverebi damuSavebis centrebisTvis,

iatakis serverebi amocanaTa farTo speqtris gadasawyvetad (SeiZleba dadges 19 diumian karadebSi),

serverebi e.w. “Rrublebzeda” gamoTvlebisTvis

daniSnulebis mixedviT fail serveri,print serveri, faqs serveri, dacilebuli SeRwevis serveri, safosto serveri,monacemTa bazis serveri, veb serveri, serveri gamoyenebiTi donisTvis (gamoyenebiTi programebisTvis), proqsi serveri

.muSa sadgurebis kompleqsi. teqnologiis ganviTarebasTan erTad mcirdeba gamoTvliTi manqanebis fasi da izrdeba teqnikuri parametrebi. yovelive aman xeli Seuwyo mZlavri muSa sadgurebis da personaluri komputerebis erT kompleqsad gaerTianebas, romelsac muSa sadgurebis klasterebad an ubralod klasterad (Clusters of Workstation ) moixseneben.es ubralo meqanikuri gaerTianeba ar aris .aq gamomTvleli manqanebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian maRal siCqariani Cqarosnuli qseliT da aRWurvili arian specialuri programuli uzrunvelyofiT. Zalian xSirad klasterebs warmoadgenen veb serverebi, riTac saSualeba xdeba SekiTxvebis gadanawileba qselSi.

meinfreimebi es aris yvelaze mZlavri gamomTvleli manqana arsebulTa Soris. misi yvela parametric Tvisobrivad ufro maRalia vidre sxvebis.ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba samecniero gaTvlebisaTvis ,internetis serverebad.

miRebulia meinfreimis Semdegi gansazRvra.is aris gamomTvleli sistema,romelic gaTvaliswinebulia sistemis gamoyenebis maRali koeficientiT , pirvel rigSi gansakuTrebiT didi, sxvadasxva sididis datvirTvebis Seuferxeblad SesrulebisTvis . maT SeuZliaT erTdroulad aTasobiT operaciebis Sesruleba, miliardamde tranzakciebis Sesruleba dReSi da momxmarebelTa momsaxureba globaluri maStabiT.