Упражнения

Упр.1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. Холодные трещины; 2. нахлесточный шов; 3. оговаривать размеры нахлесточных соединений; 4. внешняя обшивка; 5. главное направление; 6. выравнивать прорезные швы; 7. для каждого отдельного случая; 8. расстояние по косой; 9. расположение конструктивных элементов; 10. угловое соединение; 11. угловой шов; 12. при условии; 13. непрерывный шов; 14. быть вровень с чем-либо; 15. готовые опоры винта.

Упр.2. Переведите на английский следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. Back gourging; 2. high restraint4 3. higher strength steels; 4. slot welding; 5. consecutive slot welds; 6. transverse spacing; 7. structural elements below the connected parts; 8.to deem necessary; 9. throat thickness of the weld; 10. adjacent welds; 11. corner joint; 12. fillet welds; 13. intermediate flat; 14. shell doubler; 15. propeller shaft bossing.

Упр.3. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. Угловое соединение – это сварное соединение двух элементов, расположенных под углом друг к другу. 2. В нахлесточном соединении один элемент наложен на другой в одной плоскости, так что они частично перекрывают друг друга. 3. В тавровом соединении плоскость одного элемента приложена к торцу другого под определенным углом. 4. Сварные соединения могут быть стыковые, угловые, нахлесточные и тавровые.5. В стыковом соединении свариваемые детали соединены торцами, расположенными в одной плоскости. 6. Сварочные швы различают по количеству слоев, ориентации в пространстве, длине и др. признакам. 7. Сплошной\непрерывный шов полностью охватывает все соединение. 8. Прерывистый шов имеет разрывы в пределах одного соединения. 9. Прихваточный шов используют для фиксации свариваемых элементов до начала сварки.

Unit 40. WORKMANSHIP IN MAKING HULLS

Various welding procedures and consumables are to be used within the limits of their approval and in accordance with the conditions of use specified in the respective approval documents.

Adequate protection from the weather is to be provided to parts being welded; in any event, such parts are to be dry. In welding procedures using bare, cored or coated wires with gas shielding, the welding is to be carried out in weather protected conditions, so as to ensure that the gas outflow from the nozzle is not disturbed by winds and draughts.

The edge preparation is to be of the required geometry and correctly performed. In particular, if edge preparation is carried out by flame, it is to be free from cracks or other detrimental notches. The surfaces to be welded are to be free from rust, moisture and other substances, such as mill scale, slag caused by oxygen cutting, grease or paint, which may produce defects in the welds. Effective means of cleaning are to be adopted particularly in connections with special welding procedures; flame or mechanical cleaning may be required. The presence of a shop primer may be accepted. Setting appliances and systems to be used for positioning are to ensure adequate tightening adjustment and an appropriate gap of the parts to be welded, while allowing maximum freedom for shrinkage to prevent cracks or other defects due to excessive restraint. The gap between the edges is to comply with the required tolerances or, when not specified, it is to be in accordance with normal good practice. The misalignment between plates with the same gross thickness is to be less than 0.15t, without exceeding 3 mm. The misalignment m in cruciform connections, measured on the median lines is to be less than half the gross thickness of the thinner abutting plate

When welding aluminum alloy parts, particular care is to be taken so as to reduce as far as possible restraint from welding shrinkage, by adopting assembling and tack welding procedures suitable for this purpose, to keep possible deformations within the allowable limits. Suitable preheating, to be maintained during welding, and slow cooling may be required.

Welding sequences and direction of welding are to be determined so as to minimize deformations and prevent defects in the welded connection. All main connections are generally to be completed before the ship is afloat. After each run, the slag is to be removed by means of a chipping hammer and a metal brush; the same precaution is to be taken when an interrupted weld is resumed or two welds are to be connected.

It is recommended and in some cases it may be required that special structures subject to high stresses, having complex shapes and involving welding of elements of considerable thickness (such as rudder spades and stern frames), are prefabricated in parts of adequate size and stress-relieved in the furnace, before final assembly, at a temperature within the range 550°C ÷ 620°C, as appropriate for the type of steel. In case of T-crossing of structural elements (one element continuous, the other physically interrupted at the crossing) when it is essential to achieve structural continuity through the continuous element (continuity obtained by means of the welded connections at the crossing), particular care is to be devoted to obtaining the correspondence of the interrupted elements on both sides of the continuous element. Suitable systems for checking such correspondence are to be adopted.

VOCABULARY

Gas shielding – среда защитного газа

Notch – выемка, углубление

Shop primer – заводская грунтовка

Setting appliance – регулировочное устройство

Tolerance - допуск

Misalignment – смещение осей, неправильное расположение

Cruciform connection – крестообразное соединение

Tack welding – прихваточная сварка

Chipping hammer – молоток для удаления шлака

Metal brush – металлическая щетка, скребок

Rudder spades – лопатки руля

Stern frames – каркас кормы

Median line – средняя линия

Prefabricated – заводского изготовления, сборный