IV. .Заключение

In conclusion	I want to say		...is fairly interesting
By way of conclusion	I can say		...is very instructive
By way of summing	I must say	(...)	...is quite informative
	I would like to say		...is most pithy in content

 

Generally speaking			...a great impression
	(...)	...made on me	...a favorable impression
On the  whole			...a good impression
			...an unforgettable impression

 

Generally speaking		...greatly impressed by
	I was	...favorably impressed by	(...)
On the whole		... pleasantly impressed by

 

In my opinion		...very interesting
From my point of view	(....) is	...fairly informative
It seems to me		...rich in content
There is no doubt		...highly instructive

 

From the item	...under discussion
From the article	...under consideration	I got to know	...a lot of  interesting  information/facts about (concerning)
From the feature Story	...under review	I learned
From the essay

 

Желательно, чтобы работающий с газетным материалом, понимал, что его сообщение на английском языке имеет определенную информативную ценность даже в том случае, если удалось передать лишь основное содержание реферируемого материала (без отдельных деталей, представляющих трудности).

 

 

Sample texts for rendering Text 1 the first and second information revolutions

 

 

At a conference last week, an audience of chief executives and other VIPs was lectured on the information revolution and what to do about it. One of its star speakers was the management guru Peter Drucker.

The starting point of the conference was familiar: that the changes wrought by the personal computer are comparable to the industrial revolution. This has become such a cliche that it is tempting to challenge it. The Industrial Revolution - the substitution of machinery for human and animal power - was a change so profound that parts of the world have yet to catch up with it. Are personal computers really that fundamental? Drucker's response to that question was forthright. There is no real comparison with the Industrial Revolution, he said. What is happening now is far more profound. His argument is that the comparison is mistaken. The real analogy is with what he terms 'the first information revolution' - Gutenberg's invention of moveable type, and the advent of the printed book.

In Drucker's view, the first information revolution - like the second - differed from the Industrial Revolution in two crucial respects. First, it spread much faster. Second, it immediately changed not just methods of production, but what was produced. 'The Industrial Revolution,' he says, 'was mechanically very fast and socially very slow. It was not until the railways came in the 1840s that ordinary people became aware of change at all. When I was born in 1909, the revolution had just started to affect the home. People still had oil lamps - electric light had arrived only around 1900.

And, he points out, it was not until after the end of the Napoleonic wars - 50 years after the first introduction of textile machinery - that the revolution moved outside the UK. Contrast, he says, the first information revolution. 'Printing took just 50 years to infiltrate the entire West. Gutenberg's invention was in 1455. By 1465, the number of printed books was six to ten times as great as the number of manuscripts. It was that fast. By the end of the century, the handwritten manuscript was as obsolete as the adding machine on which I worked as a young banker in 1930.'As for his second point: ‘The Industrial Revolution did not replace a single commodity. It made existing commodities available and plentiful, and it made them as like the hand-made version as possible. Factory-made shoes were so close to hand-made ones that only the expert could tell the difference.

'The steam ship was as like the sailing ship as possible: it followed the same routes. The first new product of the Industrial Revolution was the railroad.' Not so with the information revolution: '50 years before it, literature meant the Bible and the Greek and Roman classics. Not long after, it meant Shakespeare and Cervantes.' Or take him huge growth in printed maps. 'Without those, you could not have had the age of discovery.

By Tony Jackson, from the Financial Times