Describe the structure of natural scientific knowledge. Diagram.
In structure of natural - scientific biological knowledge and ecology are allocated two levels of cognitive activity — empirical and theoretical, each of them is characterized by the singular forms of the organization of scientific knowledge and its methods.
It is historically proved that in the most common form structure natural - scientific knowledge is as follows:
THE EMPIRICAL FACT → THE SCIENTIFIC FACT →
SUPERVISION → ACTUAL EXPERIMENT→ MODEL
EXPERIMENT →THE IMAGINARY EXPERIMENT →
FIXING OF RESULTS OF EMPIRICAL LEVEL OF
RESEARCHES → EMPIRICAL GENERALIZATION →
USE OF AVAILABLE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE →
THE IMAGE → THE HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION →
ITS CHECK ON EXPERIENCE →THE FORMULATION
OF NEW CONCEPTS → INTRODUCTION OF TERMS
AND SIGNS, DETERMINATION OF THEIR VALUES →
LAW DEDUCTION →THEORY CREATION →ITS
CHECK ON EXPERIENCE → APPLICATION IN CASE
OF NEED ADDITIONAL HYPOTHESES
Describe the structure of natural scientific knowledge in the field of your own research. Diagram.
Theoretical level of researches
→ Empirical fact
Visibal view of pollution of air in industrial city
→ the scientific fact
Environment all pollution (air, water, soil)
→ supervision
The analysis degree of soil air pollution in dinamics by …
→ actual experiment
Photocolorimetry – method, that used to test the conc of solution by measuring its absorbance of a special wavelength of light
→ model experiment
Atomic – absorbation spectrometry
Empirical level of researches/ empirical generalization
→ use of available theoretical knowledge
Structure of r&d in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Diagram.
Priorities identified VNTK
• Theoretical foundations of information and space technologies;
• New advanced materials and technologies;
• Basics of Life Sciences;
• Mineral Resources;
• Development of scientific and methodological foundations of the national idea as a basis for sustainable development of modern Kazakhstan and its strategy of accelerated modernization in the context of global processes.
The proposed priorities VNTK:
• information and space technology;
• nanotechnologies and new materials;
• life sciences, technology, life (LifeScienceTechnology);
• renewable energy technologies;
• New technologies for hydrocarbon and mining-metallurgical sector and related service industries.
Structure of r&d of foreign countries. Diagram on the example of Finland.
Describe the structure of Research paper. Impact Factor of Scientific journals. Give examples.
Abstract
Actuality: compiling a digital model of the ridge Mugalzhar using satellite imagery and with the help of modern technology with different methods.
Objective: to introduce the feature of a digital model of the ridge Mugalzhar and explore ways of making a digital model of the help of modern technology.
Objectives of the work:
to consider the characteristics of the ridge Mugalzhar;
to introduce methods for the three dimensional model;
identify features of the relief mapping in modern GIS programs.
Methods: data mapping and geographic information system, integrated zoogeographical analysis, interpretation of space images, data processing method using a geographic information programs.
Sources of information: the research work was done on space based drawings (Landsat 7 ETM+(2012)), topographic maps (scale 1:200 000, 1:500 000, 1:1000 000), the National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the literature, the relevant territory research and data from the Internet.
Keywords: a digital model, topographic maps, mapping, geographic information system, remote sensing.
Structure: 82 pages, 41 figure, 1 table, introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography.
The result obtained:
Physiographic map of Aktobe region;
(using data of the SRTM and using the ArcGIS)
Geomorphological map of Aktobe region;
(using topographic map at a scale of 1: 1000 000 and using the National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
3D model of the ridge Mugalzhar;
(using satellite imagery from the SRTM and using the Arc Scene (It is application ArcGIS))
Relief map of the ridge Mugalzhar;
(using data of the Sas.Planeta and using the Surfer)
Interpretation (decoding) of the northern part of the ridge Mugalzhar;
(Using satellite imagery’s Landsat and using GIS programs: the ENVI and the ArcGIS)
Interpretation (decoding) of the southern part of the ridge Mugalzhar
(Using satellite imagery’s Landsat and using GIS programs: the ENVI and the ArcGIS)
6. How to prepare the Abstract of your Research? Index of Hirsch, citation.Example.
It is important to be able to share your project with others. One way to share information is in
written form. Here are some guidelines for writing the abstract and research paper.
1. The abstract is a one-page summary of your work. It should include:
a) a statement of purpose,
b) a brief description of the procedure,
c) a conclusion based on results collected.
It is important to be able to share your project with others. One way to share information is in
written form. Here are some guidelines for writing the abstract and research paper.
1. The abstract is a one-page summary of your work. It should include:
a) a statement of purpose,
b) a brief description of the procedure,
c) a conclusion based on results collected.
Example: Unmanned aerial systems for photogrammetry and remote sensing
Abstract
We discuss the evolution and state-of-the-art of the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in the field of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (PaRS). UAS, Remotely-Piloted Aerial Systems, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or simply, drones are a hot topic comprising a diverse array of aspects including technology, privacy rights, safety and regulations, and even war and peace. Modern photogrammetry and remote sensing identified the potential of UAS-sourced imagery more than thirty years ago. In the last five years, these two sister disciplines have developed technology and methods that challenge the current aeronautical regulatory framework and their own traditional acquisition and processing methods. Navety and ingenuity have combined off-the-shelf, low-cost equipment with sophisticated computer vision, robotics and geomatic engineering. The results are cm-level resolution and accuracy products that can be generated even with cameras costing a few-hundred euros. In this review article, following a brief historic background and regulatory status analysis, we review the recent unmanned aircraft, sensing, navigation, orientation and general data processing developments for UAS photogrammetry and remote sensing with emphasis on the nano-micro-mini UAS segment.
KeywordsUAV; Review; Photogrammetry; Remote sensing