Exercise 8 Read the text more carefully and choose the correct word for each sentence.

1. Our institute trains qualified railway specialists with higher (graduation/education/operation) for Krasnoyarsk railway.

2. Only hard work will allow you to (require; include; achieve) success.

3. Do you know how to (operate; provide; increase) this equipment?

4. With the railway transport (development/number/entrance) more qualified engineers were required.

5. (Graduation/network/entrance) to our institute is competitive.

6. The (teaching staff/timetable/academic year) of our institute consists of 100 people.

7. Students of the (last/branch/extra-mural) department get higher education combining their work with study.

8. The complete course of studies at our higher school (increases/lasts/supplies) 4 and 5 years.

9. School-leavers (enter/graduate/provide) the Railway Institute on the basis of their results in the unified state examinations.

10. The entrance (grant/applicant/trial) in our institute is conducted in the form of the written test.

11. The academic year is divided into 2 (monitors/tutors/terms).

12. Students have practical training in specially (equipped/required/included) labs and workshops.

13. If the results of the examinations are good, students receive (grants/operation/increase).

14. Comfortable hostels are (admitted/trained/provided) for the students from other places.

Exercise 9 Fill in the gaps with the prepositions where necessary.

1. ….. the graduation ….. the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport he worked as a railway dispatcher ….. a large terminal.

2. In Britain students’ grants depend ….. the income ….. their parents.

3. The multimedia equipment is provided ….. the instruction on how to operate it.

4. I was included ….. the list ….. speakers ….. the conference.

5. If a student misses ….. a lecture or is late ….. a seminar he has to inform the monitor ….. the group for the reason.

6. Will you wait ….. me after the lessons?

7. The new high speed railway line will be put ….. operation ….. a week.

8. What subjects are you strong …..?

9. Great attention is paid ….. studying mathematics in our institute.

10. When I entered ….. this institute I knew very little ….. the history ….. its foundation.

11. Some classes are equipped ….. computers.

12. Students ….. technical institutes have practical training ….. various enterprises.

13. He speaks ….. a number of foreign languages.

14. The scholarship provided me ….. my first opportunity to travel overseas.

15. The academic year in all Russian higher educational institutions is divided ….. two terms.

16. Next term we’ll have a course of lectures ….. Philosophy.

17. Last year there was one case when a student failed ….. his exam ….. English.

Exercise 10 Say if the following sentences are true or false. Correct the false sentences using the information from the text in exercise 7.

Example:	Yes, It’s true/right/correct.
	No, It’s false/wrong/not correct because …

1. The Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport was founded in 1985 as a consultation centre of the Moscow Extra-mural Institute of Railway Engineers.

2. Our institute trains qualified railway specialists with higher education for whole Russia.

3. The Krasnoyarsk branch of the Irkutsk State Railway Transport University trained railway engineers in 6 specialities.

4. At present the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport has only the day-time department.

5. The training of bachelors and masters is provided on 4 specialities.

6. School-leavers enter the Railway Institute on the basis of their results in the entrance examinations.

7. The complete course of studies at our higher school lasts 4 years for training bachelors and masters.

8. The academic year is divided into 2 terms: from September to January and from February to July.

9. Once a year students have vacations.

10. In the third year students begin to study general engineering subjects.

11. Students are able to take part in scientific conferences that take place twice a year.

12. The third year of study is devoted to working on a graduation project.

Language Focus: Modal Verbs

Exercise 11 Study the bold-typed words in the sentences below from the text. What do they mean? What do they have in common? Do you know their equivalents?

The graduates of our institute can get a bachelor’s or master’s degree at the end of their study.

During the period of learning every student must pass a lot of term exams.

Some applicants may be admitted according to their results of the entrance trial.

Present Simple	Past Simple	Future Simple
can=am/is/are able to	could=was/were able to	can=will be able to
must=have to=am/is/are obliged to	had to=was/were obliged to	must=will have to=will be obliged to
may=am/is/are allowed to	might=was/were allowed to	may=will be allowed to
should	should	should

Find the other sentences with modal verbs and their equivalents in the text from exercise 7.

Exercise 12 Complete these sentences. Use can or can’t + one of these verbs:

come

find

hear

see

speak

decide

go

1. I’m sorry but we ………. to your party next Saturday.

2. I like this hotel room. You ………. the mountains from the window.

3. You are speaking very quietly. I ………. you.

4. Have you seen my bag? I ………. it.

5. Catherine got the job because she ………. five languages.

6. Ann doesn’t know what to do. She ………..

7. Jim ………. to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.

Exercise 13 Complete these sentences. Use can’t or couldn’t + one of these verbs:

eat

decide

find

go

go

sleep

1. I was tired but I ……….

2. I wasn’t hungry yesterday. I ……… my dinner.

3. Our monitor doesn’t know what to do. She ………..

4. I wanted to speak to our tutor two days ago but I ………. her.

5. Jim ………. to the meeting next Saturday. He has to work.

6. Paula ………. to the scientific conference last week. She was ill.

Exercise 14 Complete these sentences. Use must + one of these verbs:

be

go

go

learn

meet

wash

win

1. We ………. to the bank today. We haven’t got any money.

2. Marilyn is a very interesting person. You ………. her.

3. My hands are dirty. I ………. them.

4. You ………. to drive. It will be very useful.

5. I ………. to the post office. I need some stamps.

6. The game tomorrow is very important for us. We ………..

7. You can’t always have things immediately. You ………. patient.

Exercise 15 Complete these sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs:

answer

buy

change

go

walk

1. We ………. home last night. There were no buses.

2. It’s late. I ………. now. I’ll see you tomorrow.

3. I went to the supermarket after classes yesterday. I ………. some food.

4. This train doesn’t go all the way to London. You ……… at Bristol.

5. We took an exam the day before yesterday. We ………. six questions out of ten.

Exercise 16 Put in I must or I had to.

1. I ……… go to the bank yesterday to get some money.

2. It’s late. ………. go now.

3. I don’t usually study on Saturday but last Saturday ……… study.

4. I ………. get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.

5. I went to London by train last week. The train was full and ………. stand all the way.

6. I was nearly late for my classes this morning. ………. run to get there on time.

7. I forgot to phone David yesterday. ………. phone him later today.

Exercise 17 Match the sentences with the same meaning.

We can leave the conference early. We must leave the conference early. We mustn’t leave the conference early. We needn’t leave the conference early. We had to leave the conference early.

We must stay until the end. We couldn’t stay until the end. We can’t stay until the end. We needn’t stay until the end. We can stay until the end.

Exercise 18 Complete these sentences. Use you should + one of these verbs:

clean

go

take

visit

watch

wear

1. When you play tennis, ………. the ball.

2. It’s late and you’re very tired. ………. to bed.

3. ………. your teeth twice a day.

4. If you have time, ………. the Science Museum. It’s very interesting.

5. When you’re driving, ………. a seat belt.

It’s too far to walk from here to the station. ………. a taxi.

Exercise 19 Choose the correct option.

1. Students ……… come to the lesson at least five minutes before its beginning.

   are allowed to

   must

   will not able to

   needn’t

2. You ………. phone me again, I never forget my promise.

   need not

   must not

   can not

   are not allowed

3. Stay here till our teacher is free. I think you …….. wait long.

will not have to

are not allowed to

need not

shouldn’t

4. It is a non-smoking carriage. You ………. smoke here.

must not

should

need not

are allowed to

5. You ………. answer the question if you don’t want to.

   have to

   need not

   may

   will be able to

6. The speed in cities ……… exceed 60 km per hour.

shouldn’t

is to

will be allowed to

need not

7. Luckily I ………. find a taxi.

   have to

   could

   was to

   won’t be allowed to

8. According to the rules a football player ………. touch the ball with his hands.

is able to

has to

must not

will be allowed to

9. Our students ………. take part in scientific conferences that take place annually.

are able to

was to

didn’t have to

are obliged to

10. Some applicants ………. be admitted according to their results of the entrance trial.

was to

should not

won’t have to

may

Exercise 20 Study the activities below.

swim play the piano play football play chess drive a car ski

skate cook speak Spanish speak English ride a bike ride a horse

Ask the questions to your partner according to the example to find out what he/she can and can’t do. Then tell about your partner.

Example:

• Can you swim?

• Yes, I can. I can swim.

No, I can’t. I can’t swim.

I’d like to tell you about my partner.

My partner can … but he/she can’t … He/she can’t … but he/she can ….

Exercise 21 Answer the questions to the text about the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport.

1. When was the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport founded?

2. What was the total number of students in1955?

3. When was our institute named the Krasnoyarsk branch of the Irkutsk State Railway Transport University?

4. Why did the number of students studying in our institute increase?

5. How many students get higher education in the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport at present?

6. What degrees can the graduates of our institute get at the end of their study?

7. What specialities is the training of masters provided on?

8. How many directions are bachelors prepared on?

9. What is the entrance trial for applicants in our institute like?

10. How long does the complete course of studies at our higher school last?

11. What must every student pass during the period of learning?

12. What do students receive if the results of the examinations are good?

13. What general engineering subjects do the first- and second-year students study?

14. The study of foreign languages is also included in the course of training, isn’t it?

15. Where do students have practical training in our institute?

16. Where do students continue their studies after the third year?

17. What right does a diploma give to every student after the graduation from the Railway Institute in Irkutsk?

18. Does our higher educational institution have a post-graduate course?