3. Do you thing we need a universal language? Justify your opinion.Why is English considered to be an international language? What does the term "lingua franca" mean?

On my opinion universal language can be meant by different values. I consider that all can't talk on one language because each language bears in itself culture of the people. It is correct to do one of languages world only in order that people of different cultures of the world could understand each other.

As for "the international English", it is necessary only to be surprised and guess why it became universal language that lingua franca is called.

English has been taken out by the English emigrants to North America and other parts of the world. Besides, England has extended the language in all won countries, the former colonies of the British Empire.

To this country people from all Europe and from other countries have stretched. The new nation needed the uniting element which would help to overcome national and language distinctions. This role was executed by English.

Presently the American English is language of an economic, military and political superpower.

4. What family of languages does English belong to? When did its history start? Briefly characterise the main periods in its development.

English is classified genetically as a Low West Germanic language of the Indo-European family of languages.

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany.

1. Old English (450-1100 AD)

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

2. Middle English (1100-1500)

The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added.

3. Modern English

1)Early Modern English (1500-1800)

From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world.Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In this period the first English dictionary was published.

2) Late Modern English (1800-Present)

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words.

5. What family of languages does Ukrainian belong to? Enumerate and briefly describe the main periods in its history. What languages spoken in Ukraine nowadays? Explain your vision of the country's language policy. What is done in our country in order to protect minority languages?

-Ukrainian belongs to Slavic group of an Indo-European language family.

- From the point of view of functioning of Ukrainian in the states which existed on the Ukrainian lands it is possible to allocate the next periods:

1.The period from ІІІ the millennia To N е. to the middle of the 14th century: allocations of Ukrainian from praslavyansky, language of Russia

2.The period from the middle of the 14th century to the Lublin union of 1569: Grand duchy Lithuanian, Moldavian principality, Polish kingdom

3.The period from the Lublin union of 1569. To the Andrusovsky truce of 1667: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

4.The period from the Andrusovsky truce of 1667. To a game. 18th century: Grand duchy Moscow (Kingdom Russian) and Russian Empire

5.Formation of the literary language on a national basis - from the end of XVIII prior to the beginning of the 20th century: Russian Empire, Austrian empire / Austro-Hungary

6.Ukrainian in the 20th century: Russian Empire and Austro-Hungary, Ukrainian National Republic, Independent Kuban National Republic, Ukrainian State, West Ukrainian National Republic, Carpathian Ukraine, UNR (Soviet) / USSR / USSR

7.Ukrainian in independent Ukraine.

-Today many Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine living in the basic in the east of the country and in the large cities, defiantly pass to Ukrainian which became a sign of their self-identification. Ukraine still remains the bilingual country.

-The growing popularity of Ukrainian — especially among youth and representatives of middle class — makes the uniting impact on public structures of the country. She increases social mobility between the East and the West of Ukraine. As the children talking in Ukrainian will mature, and the middle class will buy even more often the Ukrainian goods and services, it can become one of the steadiest changes.

- The legislation of Ukraine on languages consists of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Declaration of the rights of nationalities, the Law of Ukraine "About fundamentals of the state language policy", the Law of Ukraine "About ratification of the European charter of regional languages or languages of minorities", "About ethnic minorities", the Law of Ukraine "About ratification of the Framework convention of the Council of Europe on protection of ethnic minorities", and other laws of Ukraine, and also international treaties which regulate use of languages, the consent to which obligation is provided by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

6. Explain the concept of the “literary language”, justifying your ideas on the example of the Ukrainian language. Does the English language have one? What is “Standard English”? What does the term “Received Pronunciation” mean?

-The literary language is a processed, rated form of national language, both in written and in oral versions, the people serving cultural life and all spheres of his public work: public and public institutions, press, fiction, science, theater, education and life of people. Language of fiction, criticism, scientific articles, newspapers is called the literary language.

The modern Ukrainian literary language was created on the basis of dialects of modern Poltavshchina and the Southern Kyivshchyna, having absorbed in itself some dialect lines of other adverbs. I. P. Kotlyarevsky was an initiator of the modern Ukrainian literary language. T. G. Shevchenko is considered the founder of the modern Ukrainian literary language.

- Only in the XV—XVI centuries, as a result of a victory of a capitalist system over feudal, the industry which has caused rapid development and trade, it is possible to speak about formation of the uniform English national literary language.

- Standard English (often shortened to SE) refers to whatever form of the English language is accepted as a national norm in any English-speaking country.It encompasses grammar, vocabulary and spelling. However, no official or central regulating body defines Standard English.

- Received Pronunciation is the accent of Standard English in the United Kingdom, with a relationship to regional accents similar to the relationship in other European languages between their standard varieties and their regional forms.