Exercise 10

Answer the questions on the text.

1 In what fields do electrical engineers work?

2 What do the graduates of the ATC Department deal with?

3 What can you say about automation on the railway transport?

4 What systems have been adopted for automatic railway operation?

5 What do these systems perform at present?

6 What do these systems help to simplify?

7 What do the automatic block-signalling installations control?

8 What can you say about CTC?

9 What system is train speed controlled by?

10 What system is used at classification yards?

11 What is the fail-safe operation of the railway transport linked with?

12. What do scientists and designers work at?

Exercise 11

Translate the dialogue and try to reproduce it with your friend.

1 What department do you study at?	1 I study at the ATC Department.
2 What specialists does the ATC Department train?	2 The ATC Department trains electrical engineers for the railway transport.
3 In what field of the railway transport will you work?	3 I shall work in the field of automation and telemechanics.
4 Is automatic control introduced on the railway transport on a large scale?	4 Yes, it is.
5 What do we mean by an “Automatic Train Operation System”?	5 An “Automatic Train Operation System” is a railway system where all the railway train movements are performed automatically.
6 Does Automation offer any advantages?	6 Yes, it does
7 What two independent systems have been adopted for automatic railway operation?	7 These systems are: a control system in the vehicle itself, and a safety system which makes use of information transmitted from the line
8 By what means is the train movement controlled at waysides?	8 The train movement at waysides is controlled by the automatic block-signalling installations.
9 What automatic control system is installed at stations?	9 The system of Centralized Traffic Control is installed at stations.
10 How may station interlockings be controlled?	10 Station interlockings may be controlled either locally or remotely.
11 What automatic installations used in classification yards do you know?	11 I know such installations as automated hump interlocking and automated hump marshalling of trains.
12 What automatic railway systems based on computing technology have been developed in our country?	12 “Automatic Dispatcher” and “Automatic Pilot” based on computing technology have been developed in our country

Text 3 “railway communications” (Data Transmissions Systems)

1 The ATC Department of the State Academy of Railway Transport trains electrical engineers for working in the field of automation and telemechanics and in the field of railway communications. The graduates of the ATC Department work at different enterprises of the country as well as at the research and designing institutes. They deal with developing and operating the most up-to-date train control systems and communication systems.

2 To ensure fail- safe operation of the railway transport it is necessary to have reliable communication systems. The modern communication is the information system, which provides transmission and receiving of intelligence. This can be accomplished by the printed means, by postal systems, by radio broadcasting and by electronic telecommunications as well as by space communications. Railways make use of the most up-to-date high-frequency, telegraph and radio communications as well as automatic exchanges which permit to convey all the necessary information at practically any distance.

3 The ATC Department has modern laboratories where the students get to know wire and wireless systems of railway communications. Wire systems of communications are: trunk communication, telephone communication, telegraph communication. The telephone communication provides the two-way communication with the subscribers. When the recording of the received information is necessary, the telegraph communication is used.

4 Wireless system of communication is radio communication. Radio communication is the transmission and reception of messages without wires or waveguides. It includes communication by radio telegraph, radio telephone, radio teletype-writer, radio facsimile and television. Radio is the only method of communication between stationary and mobile objects. On the railway transport radio communication is used to provide communication between a wayside station and a locomotive, between the dispatcher and locomotives, between the train dispatcher and a wayside station, between two locomotives as well as between two adjacent wayside stations. Besides radio system finds a wide application in the classification and receiving yards. For example, a portable dual- frequency radio system gives the gang foreman and the inspectors direct communication. If some inspector wants help he can radio the gang foreman about it. Moreover, radio enables to speed track work. A foreman can communicate with the locomotive engineer of an approaching train, who advises him of the train’s location. This permits him to gain more production time. Also by means of radio train crews can be quickly notified of hot boxes, broken wheels, defective trucks, etc.

5 The loudspeaker communication and television communication have found a wide application on the railway transport too. The loudspeaker communication enables the dispatcher to transmit information through the loudspeaker to a large number of persons simultaneously. This type of communication is widely used in the classification and receiving yards as well as in the freight yards. The television communication provides the remote control of production processes.

6 At present the channels of digital automation become widespread. They provide the transmission of information directly to the computers. Scientists have developed a great deal of various types of communication apparatus. Nowadays the most urgent problems of communication are the efficiency and reliability of communication systems. To increase the efficiency, economy and reliability of channels multi- channel communication systems are used.

7 Scientists and designers in the field of railway communications are engaged in developing new communication systems and at the same time in improving diagrams and designs of existing channel equipment.

Exercise 1

Memorize the words and word combinations, which will help you to understand the text given above. They are grouped according to the paragraphs of the text.

1. different - різний, відмінний, неоднаковий, несхожий

as well as - а також

deal with - мати справу

operate - робити, діяти, управляти, приводити в рух, експлуатувати

control - управляти, контролювати, регулювати, управління, контроль, регулювання

2. ensure - забезпечувати

necessary - необхідний, потрібний

reliable - надійний

provide - забезпечити, передбачати

receive - одержувати, одержати, здобувати, дістати освіту

intelligence - відомості, інформація

accomplish - робити, чинити, вчинити, провадити, здійснювати

means - засіб, засоби, спосіб, способи

highfrequency - висока частота

exchange - обмін(інформацією), центральна телефонна станція, комутатор

permit - дозволяти

convey - передавати, повідомляти, переказувати

3. get to know – дізнаватися, довідуватися

wire - дріт, провід, телеграма, депеша, телеграфувати

trunk - залізнична магістраль, залізниця першого класу, міжміський, магістральний (зв’язок)

subscriber - передплатник, абонент

subscriber’s operator - телефоністка

record - запис, записувати

reception - одержання, приймання, прийом

4. message - повідомлення, сповіщення, оповіщення, передача,передавання

waveguide - хвильовід

include - включати

teletype writer = teletyper - дистанційний друкувальний апарат

facsimile - фототелеграф

wayside - перегін

wayside station - проміжна станція

adjacent - який прилягає, сусідній, який примикає

find(found) - знаходити, здобувати, набувати

classification yard - сортувальна станція

receiving - приймальний

portable - пересувний

dual-frequency - двочастотний

gang foreman - бригадир

inspector - контролер, майстер (ам.), оглядач вагонів

moreover - над, понад, крім того

enable - давати можливість

track - рейкова колія

approach - наближатися, підходити, надходити

advise - сповіщати, оповістити, повідомити

location - місцезнаходження

gain - добитися, досягти, досягнути

by means of - за допомогою

train crew - поїзна бригада

notify - сповіщати, повідомляти

hot box - перегрів букси

break - ламати, розбивати, (з) руйнувати

(broke, broken)

truck - вагонний візок, платформа

5. loudspeaker - гучномовець, репродуктор

application - застосування, вживання

simultaneously - одночасно, водночас

freight - вантаж, товар, вантажити

freight yard - товарний двір, сортувальна станція

remote - дистанційний

production -виробництво, вироблення

6. digital - цифровий

become (a,o) -ставати, стати

widespread - поширений (розповсюджений)

directly -прямо, безпосередньо

a great deal of - багато

urgent - терміновий, негайний

increase - збільшувати (ся), зростати

reliability - надійність

7. be engaged in - бути зайнятим, бути зацікавленим

same - той же самий, однаковий

improve - поліпшувати, покращити

exist - існувати

equipment -устаткування, обладнання

Exercise 2

Find the words in the text which mean almost the same as the folowing. The words are grouped according to the paragraphs of the text.

1 faculty, sphere, works, institution, modern

2 guarantee, essential, get information, way

4 intelligence, for instance, allow, inform

5 use, at the same time, goods, distant

6 many, now

7 today, be busy at (in), simultaneously

Exercise 3

Give the noun forms of the following:

Inform, to train, automate, inspect, produce, locate, classify, permit, equip.

Exercise 4

Find the pairs of antonyms.

Stationary - narrow

wire - old

too - mobile

modern - wireless

high - slow

hot - same

find - without

different - lose

quick - could

with - also

Exercise 5

Give three forms of the irregular verbs used in the text.

be, become, find, give, deal, make, get, know

Exercise 6

Form the degrees of comparison of the adjectives used in the text.

quick, high, wide, old, hot, reliable, necessary, modern, many.

Exercise 7

Translate the following groups of combinations of words.

1. channel of digital automation, multi-channel communication, channel equipment;

2. railway communication, loudspeaker communication, wire communication system, wireless communication system, two-way communication, dual-frequency communication system;

3. in the field of railway communications, graduates of the department, to work at enterprises, as well as, the most up-to-date systems, it is necessary, this can be accomplished, railways make use of, systems of communications, communication with subscribers, recording of the received information, transmission and reception of messages, the only method, to provide communication, direct communication, you can radio, to inform of the train’s location, by means of radio, train crew, is widely used, loudspeaker communication, remote control of processes, channels of digital automation, top increase reliability of channels, at the same time.