Вопросы для подготовки к экзамену

1. Legal Systems in the World.

2. Famous Legal Documents.

3. The Magna Carta.

4. Law and Society.

5. Court Trial.

6. Kinds of Cases.

7. Verdict.

8. The Judicial System of the Russian Federation.

9. The Judicial System in the Great Britain.

10. The Judicial System in the USA.

11. The System of Courts in Great Britain.

12. The System of Courts in the USA.

13. Legal profession in the RF.

14. Legal Profession in the GB and in the USA.

15. International Justice.

16. The United Nations.

17. The International Court of Justice.

18. The European Court of Human Rights.

19. The Council of Europe.

20. The European Convention of Human Rights.

Содержание экзаменационных заданий

1. Письменный перевод со словарем с иностранного языка на русский текста

по широ­кому профилю специальности студента объемом 1300-1500

печатных знаков. Время на подготовку – 60 мин.

2. Перевод с русского языка на английский 5 предложений по юридической

тематике. Время на подготовку –10 минут.

3. Изложение на иностранном языке одной из пройденных тем специального

характера и ответы на вопросы экзаменатора. Беседа с экзаменатором на

иностранном языке о будущей специальности. Время на подготовку не

отводится.

Рекомендуемая литература

1. Гуманова Ю.Л. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс : учебное пособие для юридических вузов / Ю.Л. Гуманова, В.А. Королева-МакАри, М.Л. Свешникова, Е.В. Тихомирова // Под редакцией Т.Н. Шишкиной. М., 2010 + CD.

2. Агабекян И.П. Практический английский для юристов. Ростов н/Д, 2005.

3. Апанасенко Ф.Е. Судебно-правовая система Великобритании : учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов юридических ВУЗов. М., Высшая школа, 2008.

4. Ванина Т.О. Английский язык для студентов-юристов [Электронный ресурс]: учебное пособие/ Ванина Т.О.— Электрон. текстовые данные.— М.: Российская академия правосудия, 2009.

5. Калужская И.А. Английский язык. Пособие по аудированию для студентов-юристов + 2 аудиокассеты / И.А. Калужская, М.Д. Козак. М., РАП, 2006.

6. Комаровская С.Д. Justice and the Law in Britain. Английский язык для юристов – М.: КДУ, 2007.

7. Хижняк С.П., Ильичева Е.Г. Английский язык для студентов юридических вузов и факультетов [Электронный ресурс]: учебник— Электрон. текстовые данные.— Саратов: Ай Пи Эр Медиа, 2009.

Факультет подготовки специалистов для судебной системы

(юридический факультет)

заочная форма обучения (1-е высшее образование)

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

Вариант 1

Task 1: Translate the following text into Russian paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:.

Laws of Babylon.

One of the most detailed ancient legal codes was drawn up in about 1758 B.C. by Hammurabi, a king of Babylonia. The entire code, consisting of 282 paragraphs, was carved into a great stone pillar, which was set up in a temple to the Babylonian god Marduk so that it could be read by every citizen.

The pillar, lost for centuries after the fall of Babylon in the 16^th century B.C., was rediscovered by a French archaeologist in 1901 amid the ruins of the Persian city of Susa. Hammurabi’s words were still legible. The pillar is now in the Louvre museum in Paris.

The laws laid down by Hammurabi were more extensive than any that had gone before. They covered crimes, divorce and marriage, the rights of slave owners and slaves, the settlement of debts, inheritance and property contracts; there were even regulations about taxes and the prices of goods.

Punishments under the code were often harsh. The cruel principle of revenge was observed: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, which meant that criminals had to receive as punishment precisely those injuries and damages they had inflicted upon their victims. Not only murderes but also thieves and false accusers faced the death penalty. And a child who hit his father could expect to lose the hand that struck the blow.

The code outlawed private blood feuds and banned the tradition by which a man could kidnap and keep the woman he wanted for his bride. In addition, the new laws took account of the circumstances of the offender as well as of the offence. So a lower-ranking citizen who lost a civil case would be fined less than an aristocrat in the same position – though he would also be awarded less if he won.

Nevertheless, Hammurabi’s laws represented an advance on earlier tribal customs, because the penalty could not be harder than the crime.

Task 2: Write down Russian equivalents for the words and expressions in bold type.

Task 3: Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think Hammurabi decided to have his laws carved into a pillar?

2. How do you understand the principle “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”?

3. In your opinion, were punishments always fair?

Task 4: Put the verbs in the correct form:

1. This stone pillar (to keep) in the Louvre Museum.

2. Solon (to provide) a new code of Law.

3. The verdict by a jury (to give) in the times of Solon.

4. Roman law is one of the gratest systems that ever (to exist).

5. The revival of this system (to fall) on the 11^th century.

Task 5: Insert the articles if necessary:

1. Have you read … Code of Hammurabi?

2. Whose stone figure can we see in … British Museum?

3. The carved stone pillar with 282 paragraphs is kept in … Louvre Museum.

4. Is … Hebrew Law contained in … Book of Exodus?

5. Did Solon live in … Greece?

Task 6: Insert prepositions if necessary:

1. These legal principles are still … use.

2. These codes are based … Roman law principles.

3. Roman law developed … the law of the Twelve Tables.

4. … this way local rules became a part of Roman law.

5. These laws deal … commerce.

Task 7: Write down the numerals in words from the text:

1. 1758 B.C.;

2. 282 paragraphs;

3. 16^th century;

4. In 1901;.

Task 8: Render the following passage into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:

В 1901 году французские археологи обнаружили каменный столб среди руин персидского города Сузы. Текст, высеченный на столбе, был древнейшим сводом законов. Он был составлен Хаммурапи, царем Вавилона, в XVIII столетии до н.э.

Кодекс Хаммурапи состоит из 282 статей. Установленный в храме вавилонского бога Мардука, “столб законов” должен был служить правосудию и одновременно напоминать: законы должны знать все.

Кодекс охватывал все сферы жизни. Он ставил вне закона кровную месть, убийство, похищение невесты. Наказания за них были суровы.

Кодекс также охватывал вопросы имущества и наследства. Хаммурапи устанавливал денежный штраф, при назначении которого учитывалось как само правонарушение, так и социальное положение граждан.

Варіант 2

Task 1: Translate the following text into Russian paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:.

The Legal Heritage of Greece and Rome.

The ancient Greeks were among the first to develop a concept of law that separated everyday law from religious beliefs. Before the Greeks most civilizations attributed their laws to their gods or goddesses. Instead, the Greeks believed that laws were made by the people for the people.

In the seventh century B.C., Draco drew up Greece’s first comprehensive written code of laws. Under Draco’s code death was the punishment for most offences. Thus, the term draconian usually applies to extremely harsh measures.

Several decades passed before Solon – poet, military hero, and ultimately Athens’ lawgiver – devised a new code of laws. He ended exclusive aristocratic

Control of the government, substituted a system of control by the wealthy, and introduced a new law code.

Solon’s great contribution to the future good of Athens was his new code of laws. He revised every statute except that on homicide and made Athenian law altogether more humane.

Trial by jury, an ancient Greek tradition was retained, but enslaving debtors was prohibited as were most of the harsh punishments of Draco’s code. Under Solon’s law citizens of Athens were eligible to serve in the assembly and courts were established in which they could appeal government decisions.

What the Greeks may have contributed to the Romans was the concept of “natural law”. In essence, natural law was based on the belief that certain basic principles are above the laws of a nation. These principles arise from the nature of people.

The concept of natural law and the development of the first true legal system had a profound effect on the modern world.

Task 2: Write down Russian equivalents for the words and expressions in bold type.

Task 3: Answer the following questions:

1. What does the ancient Greek concept of law comprise?

2. What is the origin and the meaning of the word “draconian”?

3. What was Solon’s contribution to ancient law?

Task 4: Put the verbs in the correct form:

1. Roman law (to develop) from the Laws of the Twelve Tables.

2. Solon , the Athenian statesman, (to be, to know) as one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece.

3. In modern-day Italy, France, Spain, and the countries of Latin America, law codes (to base) on Roman legal principles (to be) still in use.

4. Hebrew law can be (to find) in the Bible.

5. The Emperor Justinian (to live) in Constantinopole.

Task 5: Insert the articles if necessary:

1. … Napoleonic Code influenced the law of many countries in Europe and … South America.

2. …Roman law had a strong influence on the law of most European countries.

3. …Emperor Justinian ordered to make a systematic code of all the laws.

4. When Augustus was … emperor, professional law schools were established.

5. Justinian, … emperor … the eastern empire, had his huge body of laws codified.

Task 6: Insert prepositions if necessary:

1. Professional law schools were established … the times of Emperor Augustus.

2. Solon revised every statute except that … homicide and made Athenian law altogether more humane.

3. … Draco’s code death was the punishment for most offences.

4. The concept … natural law had a profound effect … the modern world.

5. Roman laws became international, particularly the laws dealing … commerce.

Task 7: Write down the numerals in words:

1. 600 B.C.;

2. 5^th century;

3. In 1215;

4. June 15, 1586.

.

Task 8: Render the following passage into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:

Драконт – афинский законодатель, чьи крайне суровые законы предусматривали только одно наказание – смерть за незначительные нарушения, так и за тяжкие преступления, совершенные в Афинах. Его имя теперь связывают со всем жестоким и безжалостным –‘драконовские меры’, ‘драконовский кодекс’.

Кодекс Драконта, который принято датировать 621 г. до н.э., не был первым записанным сводом афинских законов, но он, возможно, был первым всеобьемлющим кодексом или переработкой предыдущих законов.

Позднее Солон отменил законы, созданные Драконтом, и издал новые, оставив лишь прежнее наказание за убийство.

Составила: к.пед.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Н.Н. Погребняк

Факультет подготовки специалистов для судебной системы

(юридический факультет)

заочная форма обучения (1 курс)

( 2-е высшее образование)

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

Варіант 1

Task 1: Translate the following text into Russian paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:.

Criminal law

Most legal system find it necessary to divide crimes into categories for various purposes connected with the procedure of the courts-determining, for instance, which king of court may deal with which kind of offence.

The common law originally divided crimes into two categories: 1) felonies (the graver crimes, generally punishable with death); 2) misdemeanours (for which the common law provided fines or imprisonment).

The felony is a major crime, as murder, arson, rape, etc. and provides a greater punishment than for a misdemeanour. Misdemeanour is any minor offence.

Murder. The abolition of capital punishment in England in November 1965 was welcomed by most people with humane and progressive ideas. To them it seemed a departure from feudalism, from the cruel pre-Christian spirit of revenge: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.

Many of these people think different now. Three unarmed policemen have been killed in London by bandits who shot them down in cold blood. This crime has drawn attention to the fact that since the abolition of capital punishment crime – and especially murder – has been on increase throughout Britain. Today, therefore, public opinion in Britain has changed. People who before, also in Parliament, stated that capital punishment was not a deterrent to murder – now feel that killing the assassin is the lesser of two evils. Capital punishment, they think, may not be the ideal answer, but it is better than nothing, especially when, as in England, a sentence of “lifelong” imprisonment only lasts eight or nine years.

The important thing in the prevention of murder is to eliminate as far as possible the weapons and instruments, the guns and knives, with which these crimes are committed, and to stop the dangerous influence of violence in books, films, television and other mass media, from which so many criminals derive their “inspiration”.

Task 2: Answer the following questions using information from the text:

1. What is a crime?

2. What is a criminal punishment?

3. What can you say about murder?

4. What are the differences between felony and misdemeanour?

Task 3: Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Кража, кража со взломом, грабить на улице, угрожать силой, совершить тяжкое преступление, уголовный кодекс, поджог, убийство, штраф, тюремное заключение.

Task4: Find in the text the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Felony, misdemeanour, legal systems, graver crimes, arson, rape, murder, fine, to provide a punishment, capital punishment, cold blood, lifelong imprisonment.

Task 5: In the text “Criminal Law” find modal verbs with their equivalents and translate into Russian.

Task 6: Transform the following sentences (Active Voice) into sentences (Passive Voice).

1. England abolished the jury in civil cases in 1933, with some exceptions.

2. Article 4 of the Charter contains the principle of free choice of the forms of organizations of external economic relations.

3. The High Court judges determine issues of Law.

Task 7: Translate the following sentences into Russian and definite the functions of the infinitive:

1. His task is to indentify the offender.

2. The man to be arrested committed larceny.

3. We suppose him to be an experienced investigator.

Task 8: Render the following passage into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:

На протяжении веков смертная казнь назначалась за самые разные виды преступлений. В средние века человека могли казнить за хищение имущества, изнасилование и даже поджог. Государственная измена была и остается во многих странах преступлением, наказуемым смертной казнью.

Пришло время отменить смертную казнь. С каждым годом это становится все болем очевидным. Опыт всех стран показывает, что смертная казнь приводит к ожесточению в обществе. В ряде стран смертные приговоры применяются в основном к представителям неимущих слоев населения либо расових или этнических меньшинств.

Варіант 2

Task 1: Translate the following text into Russian paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:.

Criminal and Civil Procedure

Let’s imagine that the prisoner was accused of “taking and giving bribes”. And here we shall try to give a fairly complete account of the trial where a suspected person has been indicted as a bribe taker. But firstly we are going to give some information about the purpose of the trial.

The task of the trial is speedy and complete disclosure of crimes and guarantee of correct application of the law, so that every offender shall suffer a just punishment, and no innocent person shall be arraigned and punished.

Criminal procedure provide for the participation in the court trial of a prosecutor, a defence counsel, a judge, a court-secretary, witnesses and some experts.

Justice in criminal cases is administered by the court alone. No person may be declared guilty of a crime and subjected to criminal punishment except by sentence of the court. The court, the prosecutor, the investigator, within the limits of their competence, are duty bound to initiate criminal proceeding whenever the elements of a crime are revealed, and to take all measures prescribed by the law to establish circumstances of the crime, the identity of those committing the crime, and also for their punishment.

Thus in our Case the trial has to determine whether a person accused of “taking and giving bribes” in guilty or not guilty. It makes use of the adversary proceedings in which a prosecutor tries to prove guilt and a defence councel attempts to prevent this. Both sides must present testimonial proofs that speak in favour of one side or the other. It is the prosecutor that has to show the defendant guilty beyond question.

The prosecuting counsel begings by telling the court what he intends to prove by evidence. Then he calls witnesses. The defending counsel then is allowed to speak, ask questions, etc., he calls new witness, including the accused man himself. These witnesses may be then cross-examined by the prosecuting counsel.

When all the evidence had been given, and the examination of the witnesses was finished, counsel for both sides made further speeches, i.e. the pleading start.

After the pleading the defendant is given his last plead. Then the judges go out of the court-room to pass the sentence. A verdict has to be unanimous.

Task 2: Answer the following questions using information from the text:

1. Who is involved in a criminal trial?

2. What is the purpose of a trial?

3. What is the task of the defence counsel in the trial?

4. What do the judge do after hearing the last plea?

Task 3: Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Уголовный процесс, судебный процесс, установить обстоятельства преступления, совершить преступление, состав суда, допрос обвиняемого, признать себя виновным, не признать себя виновным.

Task 4: Find in the text the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Prosecutor, prosecution, to accuse, to question the accused, the speech of the prosecutor, trial, prisoner, bribe, bribe taker, court trial, offender, innocent person, court-room.

Task 5: : In the text “Criminal and Civil Procedure” find modal verbs with their equivalents and translate into Russian.

Task 6: Transform the following sentences (Active Voice) into sentences (Passive Voice).

4. England abolished the jury in civil cases in 1933, with some exceptions.

5. Article 4 of the Charter contains the principle of free choice of the forms of organizations of external economic relations.

6. The High Court judges determine issues of Law.

Task 7: Translate the following sentences into Russian and definite the function of the infinitive:

1. To interview a victim is difficult.

2. The offender wanted his advocate to make a statement.

3. The public expected the court to sentence the prisoner to death.

Task 8: Render the following passage into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:

В некоторых странах смертная казнь считается мерой, без которой невозможно остановить распространение наркотиков, ликвидировать политический терроризм, экономическую коррупцию или искоренить супружескую неверность.

Оправдывая смертную казнь, чаще всего говорят, что она необходима, по крайней мере временно, для блага общества.

Однако имеет ли государство право лишать человека жизни?

Многовековый опыт применения высшей меры наказания не дал убедительных доказательств, что смертная казнь способна эффективно защитить общество от преступности или способствовать правосудию, хотя существует определенный процент судебных ошибок, последствия которых особенно трагичны в случае приведения смертного приговора в исполнение.

Составила: к.пед.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Н.Н. Погребняк

Факультет подготовки специалистов для судебной системы на

базе среднего профессионального образования юридического

профиля ( заочной формы обучения)

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

Варіант 1

Task 1: Translate the following text into Russian paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:.

The Foundation of the United Nations

The foundation of the United Nations was laid at the Dumberton Oaks* Conference in Washington, August 21 – September 28, 1944 when World War II was coming to its final stage.

The Charter of the United Nations signed in San Francisco on June 26, 1945 by 51 states came into force on October 2, 1945 after it has been ratified by the five Great powers – the USSR, the USA, the United Kingdom, France and China – and by the majority of the founder-states. October 24 is now commemorated each year as United Nations Day.

The democratic principles of international relations – the principles of equality, sovereignty and self-determination of peoples were put into the United Nations Charter and they were and are being widely supported by all those who are interested in peace.

Under the UN Charter member states are piedged to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. These rights and freedoms are listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.

In 1966 the General Assembly adopted two international covenants which place legal obligations on those states ratifying or acceding to them. State parties to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Political Rights are bound to promote the full realization of these rights, including the right to work, social security, education, an adequate standart of living and so on.

Task 2: Write down Russian equivalents for the words and expressions in bold type.

Task 3: Answer the following questions using information from the text:

1. When and where was the foundation of the United Nations laid?

2. When did the UN Charter come in force?

3. What democratic principles were put into the UN Charter?

4. By whom was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?

5. When do we commemorate the United Nations Day?

*Dumberton Oaks – название части города Вашингтона

Task 4: Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Гонка вооружения, устав ООН, разрядка, суверенитет, вступить в силу, международные отношения, Генеральная Ассамблея, ратифицировать, самоопределение наций, предпринимать неоднократные инициативы.

Task 5: Find in the text the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

United Nations, Charter, came in force, equality, sovereignty, to support, founder-states, international security, General Assembly, to struggle for, to promote, urgent problem, fundamental freedom, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, covenant, social security, language, religion, to adopt.

Task 6: Put the verbs in the correct form:

1. The United Nations (to be born) as a result of the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition in World War II.

2. The Charter of the United Nations (to sign) in San-Francisco on June 26, 1945.

3. These rights and freedoms (to list) in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.

Task 7: Insert the articles if necessary:

1. … Charter of the United Nations signed in San-Francisco on June 26, 1945.

2. It has been ratified by the five Great powers – … USSR, … USA, … United Kingdom, France and China – and by the majority of the founder-states.

3. These rights and freedoms are listed in … Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by … UN General Assembly in 1948.

Task 8: Render the following passage into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:

Организация Объединенных Наций работает во многих различных областях. Чтобы выполнять свои задачи, ООН имеет большой отдел международных гражданских служащих (Секретариат), в котором работают более 9000 человек. Это подразделение ООН возглавляет Генеральный Секретарь, ответственный за ежедневную успешную работу ООН и многих ее проектов.

Генеральный Секретарь ООН является также символом Объединенных Наций, представителем народов мира, имеет возможность просить о помощи.

Генеральный Секретарь также выбирает Посланников мира, которые популяризируют деятельность ООН. Посланцами мира выбирали Лучано Паваротти, Мохаммеда Али.

Варіант 2

Task 1: Translate the following text into Russian paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

It was on December 10, 1948, that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and proclaimed it as “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”.

In the course of the last twenty years the Declaration has taken on a life of its own and has played an independent role in individual nations and in the community of nations. It has become a living document which is likely to exert an increasing influence in the year to come.

The first article lays down certain fundamental principles: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”

The second article states that “everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status”.

Article 3 to 21 deal with personal, civil and political rights, which have long been recognized in the constitutions and laws of the majority of the countries in the world.

Article 3 says that “everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person”. “This may be said to be the most fundamental of personal rights. It is closely related to the articles which follow it: “no one shall be held in slavery or servitude” (article 4); and “no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment” (article 5). It should be equally clear that to torture a person, whether mentally or physically, or to treat him in an inhuman manner, destroys the dignity and worth of that person and undermines the very reason for his existence.

Task 2: Write down Russian equivalents for the words and expressions in bold type.

Task 3: Answer the following questions using information from the text:

1. What is the purpose of the United Nations?

2. When did the General Assembly of the United Nations adopt the Universal Declaration?

3. When did the General Assembly proclaim a general principle: “a common standart of achievement for all peoples and all nations?”

4. What fundamental principles does the first article lay down?

5. What does the second article state?

Task 4: Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Иметь право на жизнь, свобода, защита личности, бесчеловечный, наказание, жестокий, человек, Обьединенные Нации, международное сотрудничество, создание организации Обьединенных Наций, гражданские и политические права, статья формулирует основные принципы.

Task 5: Find in the text the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Living document, to proclaim, to deal, article states, a common standard, achievement, all peoples and nations, to create, human rights, international cooperation, fundamental freedoms, human beings, national and social origin, birth, majority of the countries, inhuman treatment, punishment, to torture a person.

Task 6: Put the verbs in the correct form:

1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (to proclaim) “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”.

2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (to become) a living document which is likely to exert an increasing influence in the year to come.

3. Article 3 (to say) that “everyone (to have) the right to life, liberty and security of person”.

Task 7: Insert the articles if necessary:

1. It was on December 10, 1948, that … General Assembly of … United Nations adopted … Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

2. “All … human beings are born free and equal in … dignity and … rights.

3. “Everyone is entitled to all … rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status”.

Task 8: Render the following passage into English paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold type:

Страны, члены Организации Обьединенных Наций, обязаны соблюдать закон о правах человека.

Декларация о правах человека играет важную роль в жизни многих народов и государств.

В современном государстве все права человека должны находится под защитой закона.

Генеральная Ассамблея Обьединенных Наций одобрила Всеобщую Декларацию Прав Человека.

Составила: к.пед.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Н.Н. Погребняк

ГРАМАТИЧНИЙ МАТЕРІАЛ

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