2. Перепишите и переведите тексты письменно. Выполните задания по текстам.

Вариант №1

Great Britain

1. Great Britain (official name — the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is situated on two large islands, the larg­er of which is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The total area of Great Britain is 240,000 sq. kms, Its population is 56,000,000 people.

2. In the north-west and west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, in the east — by the North Sea. The island of Great Britain is separated from France by the English Channel Northern Ireland, which is a part of Great Britain and which is situated on the island of Ireland, is separated from Great Britain by the North Channel.

3. The island of Great Britain is divided into two parts: mountainous (in the north and west of the island) and lowland (in the south and east). There are no very long rivers in Great Britain. The most important rivers are the Thames (the deepest) and the Severn (the longest). The rivers seldom freeze in winter. Due to the moderating influence of the sea Great Britain has an insular climate, rather humid and mild, with­out striking discrepancy between seasons.

4. Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The biggest cities of Great Britain are London, Bir­mingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.

5. England is the largest part of Great Britain. Wales is a peninsula in the south-west of the island of Great Britain. Scotland is the most northern part of Great Britain. Northern Ireland occupies the north-east part of the island of Ireland.

6. Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of state is the Queen (or the King). However, the power of the Queen in Great Britain is not absolute. She acts only on the advice of the min­isters and Parliament.

7. Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. The main British industries are machine-building, ship-building, metal­lurgy, and electronics.

8. London is the capital of the UK. It is a political, economic and commercial centre. Its population is about 8 million. London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. It is about 20 centuries old. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.

The heart of London is the City, the oldest part. It is its financial and business centre.

Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London! Westminster Abbey is the place coronation of nearly all king and queens.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury.

The East End is the industrial district of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks here.

9. The flag of the UK is called “The union Jack”. The upright Red Cross is the cross of St.George. He is the Patron Saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew. He is the Patron Saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick. He is the Patron Saint of Ireland. St. David is the Patron Saint of Wales.

The flag is very important for Englishmen, because if the flag is up, the queen, or the king, is at home

10. Every part of the UK has its own symbol. The emblem of England is a Red rose. The emblem of Scotland is a thistle. The emblem of Wales is a leek or daffodil. The emblem of Ireland is a shamrock.

Задание 1. Найдите во второй колонке английские эквиваленты русским словосочетаниям

находиться на … омываться быть отделенным от пролив Ла-Манш быть разделенным на благодаря ч.-л. островной климат разительное несоответствие графство высокоразвитый

a) due to smth. b) the English Channel c) striking discrepancy d) a county e) highly-developed f) to be situated on g) to be separated from h) to be washed by i) to be divided into j) an insular climate

Задание 2. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту (по-английски).

1. What are the main parts of Great Britain?

2. Who is the head of Great Britain?

3. What is the official name of Great Britain?

Вариант №2

The United States of America

1. The United States lies in the central part of the North American Continent between two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the Pacific Ocean to the West. Friendly Canada to the north and friendly Mexico to the south are the only countries bordering it.

2. The USA consists of three separate parts. These are the Hawaiian Islands, situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska separated by Canada, and the rest of the USA. The states differ very much in size, population and economic development.

3. There are many big cities and towns in the USA: New York, San Francisco, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles are the biggest.

4. The United States of America is a parliamentary republic. The government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court).

5. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic and the Republican. The US President is both head of state and government. He is elected for a four-year term. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices who are appointed for life.

6. The Congress of the United States is composed of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the House represents the population according to its distrib­ution among the states. All states have electoral requirements of the same nature. First of all they are residence requirements.

7. Each of the fifty states of the USA has a constitution patterned after the federal Constitution, with its divisions of power: legislative, exec­utive, and judicial.

8. The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.)

9. The largest city of the country is New York. It is the financial and business center of the USA. Boston is known for its universities. Philadelphia is the first capital of the USA. Philadelphia orchestra is famous all over the world. Chicago is one of the industrial cities. Detroit is one of the biggest centers of the automobile industry. Holly wood is known as the center of the USA film business.

10.The US flag is known as “Old Glory”, the «Stars and Stripes». Today the USA flag has 13 horizontal (7 red and 6 white) stripes and 50 white stars on blue background representing the 50 states. The red stripes proclaim courage, the white stripes proclaim liberty, the field of blue stands for loyalty.

Задание 1. Найдите во второй колонке английские эквиваленты русским словосочетаниям

простираться в граничить состоять из расположенный в отделенный быть разделенным на законодательная ветвь власти исполнительная ветвь судебная ветвь Верховный Суд срок Верховный Судья члены Верховного Суда назначаться пожизненно палата распределение среди штатов требования к выборам

a) to be appointed for life b) to lie in c) to consist of d) separated e) to border f) Chief Justice g) a distrib­ution among the sates h) legislative branch of power i) to be divided into j) Associate Justices k) judicial branch l) executive branch m) a term n) a house o) electoral requirements p) to be divided into q) situated in

Задание 2. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту (по-английски).

1. What are the main political parties in the USA?

2. What does Supreme Court consist on?

3. What the Congress of the USA is composed of?

Вариант №3

Australia

1. Australia lies to the south-east of Asia, between the Pacific and Indian oceans. It is the world's smallest continent which is almost com­pletely surrounded by ocean expanses. Its total area is 7,682,300 sq. km.

2. The continent of Australia is divided into four general topographic regions: a low, sandy eastern coastal plain, the eastern highlands, the central plain, and the western plateau. Although Australia has a wide diversity of climatic conditions, the climate of Australia is generally warm and dry, with no extreme cold and little frost. It changes from comfortably mild in the south to hot in the central inferior and north.

3. The total population in 1986 was about 16 mln people with the average population density of about 2 persons per sq. km. Most Australians are of British or Irish ancestry. More than 99% of the pop­ulation speaks English.

4. The capital of Australia is Canberra. Australia has a federal parlia­mentary government. The Australian federation was formed on January 1, 1901, from six former British colonies, which thereupon became states. The Australian constitution combines the traditions of British parliamentary monarchy with important elements of the US federal system. Powers of the federal government are enumerated and limited. The government consists of the British sovereign and the Australian Parliament.

5. Australia is the world's largest wool producer and one of the world's largest wheat exporters. The main sources of foreign earnings are wool, food and minerals which also provide raw materials for home processing industries.

6. The flag of Australia is the only one to fly over a whole continent. The small Union Jack represents the historical link with Britain, the large seven-pointed star represents the six States and the Territories, and the small stars form the Southern Cross – a prominent feature of the southern hemisphere night sky.

7.In 1984 Australia officially adopted green and gold as its national colours.

8. Australia`s official language is English. Australian English does not differ significantly from other forms of English, although some expressions are unique to Australia.

Задание 1. Найдите во второй колонке английские эквиваленты русским словосочетаниям

простираться в общая площадь окруженный низина быть разделенным на разнообразие умеренный средняя плотность населения происхождение перечислять состоять из денежные поступления семиконечная выдающийся

a) the average population density b) to lie in c) a low d) ancestry e) to enumerate f) to consist of g) a low h) surrounded i) diversity j) earnings k) total area l) to be divided into m)severn-pointed n)prominent

Задание 2. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту (по-английски).

1. What kind of climate is there in Australia?

2. What are the main branches of the Australian economy?

3. How many states does Australia consist of?