- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •The modal verbs of necessity
- •The modal verbs of possibility
- •Modal verbs with Simple Infinitive and Perfect Infinitive
- •Simple Infinitive
- •Perfect Infinitive
- •5.Complete the gaps with the modal verbs – must, may, may not, might, might not, could, can’t
- •What concepts do the verbs in italics express? Permission? Obligation/advice? Ability? Willingness/ refusal?
- •2.Read the sentences, match them with the functions
- •3 .Listen to a conversation on the beach. Complete the gaps.
- •4.Now read the dialog once again and fill in the modal verbs.
- •"Buried Treasure ".
- •Mama knows best
- •I should have done it – следовало сделать (а я не сделал)
- •I had to do it – пришлось сделать
- •I needn’t have done it – можно было не делать (а я сделал)
- •I didn’t have to do it – можно было не делать (я и не делать)
- •Review on modals
- •1 Translate
- •2. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with must, have to, be to, should, need, ought to (in some cases you may have several variants)
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs making necessary changes (you may have several variants)
- •4. Translate into English using modal verbs.
- •5. Read the article and put the correct expressions of obligation and permission into the gaps. Discuss the text.
I should have done it – следовало сделать (а я не сделал)
I had to do it – пришлось сделать
Ex. 7 Fill in the modal verbs should and had to making all necessary changes
1. I could not stand that noise any longer. I … (to go) out and (tell) them to stop. 2. how can you work in this noise? You … (to tell) the children to stop. 3. I … (to take) a taxi, otherwise I should have missed the train. 4. You walked all the way here carrying this heavy suitcase. You … (to take) a taxi. 5. They won’t be able to buy anything but lemonade on the train. You … (to give) them some sandwiches at least. 6. Mother was coming to dinner, so I … (to bake) her favorite cake. 7. You knew I was bringing people to dinner. You … (to bake) a cake. 8. He was out when he came, and we … (to wait) for over an hour. 9. It was raining hard. We … (to wear) our raincoats. 10. She is quite an authority. You … (to ask) her.
I needn’t have done it – можно было не делать (а я сделал)
I didn’t have to do it – можно было не делать (я и не делать)
Ex. 8 Translate into English using need and to have to
a) Можно было не покупать сахар, and I didn’t go to the shop. B) Why did you go to the shop? Можно было и не покупать сахар: we have enough of it.
a) Мы могли не тревожиться за нее, as we knew that she was taken very good care of. B) Не надо было тревожиться за нас: you see that everything is OK.
a) Можно было и не ходить туда, you have wasted your time. They have phoned us and given us all the instructions. B) Можно было не ходить туда, and we remained at home.
a) Мне не надо было идти в библиотеку, as I had all the books I needed. B) Незачем было ходить в библиотеку: you have only wasted your time. Don’t you know that I’ll give you all the necessary books?
a) Вы могли и не ездить в центр: you could have bought everything you needed in the local shops. B) Я мог не ездить в центр, as a very good department store had recently opened in our parts, so I went there and bought everything I needed.
a) Вы могли и не проверять правописание: the computer can do all the correction. B) Я мог не проверять правописание: the computer did all the correction, so it did not take me long to complete my work.
Я не мог не звонить ему, so I went to bed at once. B) It turned out that я мог и не звонить ему, as he knew everything from his sister.
Review on modals
1 Translate
He must have sold his piano.
He may have sold his piano.
He might have sold his piano.
He can’t have sold his piano.
He should have sold his piano.
He shouldn’t have sold his piano.
He needn’t have sold his piano.
He didn’t have to sell his piano.
He had to sell his piano.
He was to sell his piano.
Они, должно быть, уехали в Нью-Йорк.
Они, возможно, уехали в Нью-Йорк.
Может быть, они и уехали в Нью-Йорк. (хотя едва ли)
Не может быть, что они уехали в Нью-Йорк.
Им следовало уехать в Нью-Йорк. (а они не уехали)
Они могли и не уезжать в Нью-Йорк. (а они уехали)
Им не зачем было уезжать в Нью-Йорк. (они и не уехали)
Им пришлось уехать в Нью-Йорк.
Им предстояло уехать в Нью-Йорк. (хотя едва ли)