Lesson 21.

Ex.1: Read and translate the text into Russian:

Isaac newton (2)

Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His fa­ther was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.

It is interesting how he discovered the law of gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such a usual thing before. But it was Newton who asked himself a question: «Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn’t it go sidewards or upwards?». The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.

Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westmin­ster Abbey, where his monument stands today.

QUESTIONS:

1. When and where was Newton born?

2. Where did he study?

3. What three major discoveries did Newton make?

4. When did Newton make these discoveries?

5. How did the idea which led to the discovery of the law of gravitation first come to him?

6. When did Newton die and where was he buried?

VOCABULARY:

degree — ученая степень

plague — чума

discovery — открытие

differential calculuses — дифференциальное исчисление

law of gravitation — закон всемирного тяготения

rainbow — радуга

to draw — привлекать

perpendicularly — перпендикулярно

sidewards — в сторону

upwards — вверх

abbey — аббатство

1. When and where was Newton born?

a) Newton was born in 1665 in Cambridge, England.

b) Newton was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England.

c) Newton was born in 1665 in Lincolnshire, England.

2. What was his father?

a) His fa­ther was a mathematician.

b) His fa­ther was a scientist.

c) His fa­ther was a farmer.

3. Where did he study?

a) After school, Newton studied at Cambridge university.

b) He studied in the little village in Lincolnshire, England.

c) He studied in London.

4. What three major discoveries did Newton make?

a) He made the dis­coveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.

b) He made new kind of glass and a new kind of steel and countless discove­ries in chemistry and physics.

c) He made the dis­coveries of the differential calculuses and countless discove­ries in chemistry and physics.

5. When did Newton die and where was he buried?

a) Newton died in 1726, and was buried in the little village in Lincolnshire, England.

b) Newton died in 1726, and was buried in Westmin­ster Abbey.

c) Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in a small village near London.

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Lesson 22.

Ex.1: Read and translate the text into Russian:

William shakespeare

William Shakespeare was born in April 1564. His father was a rich citizen whose business was making and selling lea­ther gloves. His mother was a daughter of an important far­mer. When he was nineteen, William married Anne. She was a farmer’s daughter and she was some years older than himself. During that years he may have helped his father in the family business or he may have been a country schoolmaster for a time, we don’t know exactly.

Shakespeare had three children: Susannah, the eldest, then twins — a son, Hamnet, and another girl, Judith. In 1587 Shakespeare went to work in London, leaving Anne and the children at home.

Some years later Shakespeare began to write plays. The parents did not even guess that their son would be such an important figure in English poetry and drama and that his plays would still be acted four hundred years later in England and all over the world. By 1592 Shakespeare was an important member of a well-known company. In 1599 the famous Globe Theatre was built on the south bank of the river Thames. In that theatre most of his plays were performed. It was a round building with the stage in the centre, open to the sky. If it was raining, the actors got wet; if the weather was too bad, there was no performance at all. By 1603 Shakespeare was the lea­ding poet and dramatist of his time. He continued to write for the next ten years. In 1613 he finally stopped writing and went to live in Stratford where he died in 1616. He is buried in Stratford-on-Avon.

QUESTIONS:

1. What was William’s father business?

2. His mother was a farmer’s daughter, wasn’t she?

3. How many children did Shakespeare have?

4. When did he start to write?

5. The Globe Theatre was built in 1599, wasn’t it?

VOCABULARY:

citizen — гражданин

gloves — перчатки

to guess — догадываться

play — пьеса

stage — сцена

1. When was William Shakespeare born?

a) in April 1564 b) in 1587 c) in 1592

2. When did he go to work in London?

a) in 1564 b) in 1587 c) in 1592

3. What did he begin to do some years later?

a) He began to make and sell lea­ther gloves.

b) He began to write plays.

c) He began to help his father in the family business.

4. When was the famous Globe Theatre built?

a) in 1564 b) in 1587 c) in 1599

5. Where was the famous Globe Theatre built?

a) on the south bank of the river Thames

b) in the centre of London

c) in Stratford-on-Avon

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