1. Formation of nouns

I. Noun-forming suffixes

PRODUCTIVE		UNPRODUCTIVE
-er -ist -ness -ism -ess -(a)ion -tion -sion	reader, teacher, worker telegraphist, dramatist carelessness, madness socialism, nationalism heiress, hostess, actress suspicion formation admission	-hood -dom -ship -merit -ance -ence -ty -ity -ure -age	childhood, manhood freedom friendship, relationship development importance dependence cruelty, property generosity culture, structure passage, marriage
(-ess is practically only one gender- forming suffix, expressing feminine gender)

II. The most common prefixes

Re- reconstruction, reduction

Co- co-author, coexistence

dis- disarmament

mis- misunderstanding

over- overestimation

under- undersecretary

sub- subdivision

inter- interaction

III. Compound nouns

When a noun has two or more parts (e.g. classroom), we call it a compound noun. We can mike compound nouns with the -ing form: e.g. dancing-shoes.

Ex 11 (A) Form nouns from the given words with the help of suffixes "-er* and "-or" and use them in your own sentences. Model: to read - reader; to sail - sailor.

paint, drive, manage, dream, research, compute, lead, visit, design, invent, buy, direct, translate, interpret.

Ex. 12. (A) Form nouns from the given words with the help of suffixes "-ment", "-ant", "-ness” and "-ist". Model: to employ - employment; to type - typist.

Appoint, move, enjoy, mad, science, advertise, judge, entertain, govern, develop, improve, material.

Ex. 13. (B) Give the nouns which describe people who do things or who come from places. Use these noun suffixes: -an, -ant, -ar, -er, -ian, -ist, -or.

• A person who takes professional photographs

• A person who smokes a lot …

• I can't play the piano. I'm not a …

• Manuel assists me. He's my …

• A person who donates his blood to sick people.

• Anna is studying history. She's a fine …

The Possessive Case of the Noun. The Article.

English nouns denoting living beings (and some lifeless things) have two cases:

• the common case, e.g. a girl, to a girl, with a girl, for a girl;

• the genitive (or possessive) case, e.g. the girl’s doll.

The Russian Cases are usually rendered into English by prepositions:

Case	Preposition	Example
Родительный	Of	The subject of the article
Дательный	To/for	I gave some books to my sister. I bought some books for my students.
Творительный	By/ with	This book is written by … We write with a pencil.

1. We show possession in English with the genitive form of a noun.

This means we normally use 's or s' for people and some living creatures.

□ Frank's car. (Not "the car of Frank/the car of Frank's").

□ a boy's tie; Tom's hat.

□ an actress's career; a waitress's job.

□ children's games; the men's club; sheep's wool.

• the girls' uniforms.

• Charles's address; Doris's panty; St. James's Park. Famous names ending in -s just add ('): Yeats' poetry (pronounced [s] or [iz]).

□ My friend Peter's watch; my father-in-law's house.

Ex.14 Replace the of-phrase by the noun in the Possessive Case:

1. The face of the woman is attractive. 2. The faces of these women are attractive. 3. The coat of my father-in-law is grey. 4. The coats of the passers-by are wet. 5. The voice of the man is too loud. 6. The voices of the men sound harsh. 7. The toys of the child are on the floor. 8. The toys of the children are on the floor.

Ex.15 Translate into English

1. Сын моей сестры хорошо учится. 2. Мне нравится квартира Марии. 3. Она много пишет сестрам Анны. 4. Вчера нас навестили дети наших друзей. 5. Комната Бесс большая и светлая. 6. Учитель вернул тетради студентов. 7. Я не помню имени сестры моего друга. 8. Друзья моего брата хорошо говорят по-немецки. 9. Это книги коллег моего сына. 10. Вам нравится новая книга этого писателя?

The Article

The article is a structural part of speech used with nouns. There are two articles in Modern English:

1. the indefinite article and

2. the definite article.

	Indefinite Article	Definite article	Zero article
Form	a/ an	The	-
Usage	With Singular Countable Nouns	With Singular and Plural Countable and Uncountable Nouns	With Uncountable and Plural Countable Nouns
Mean ing	= one Britain is an island. for jobs I am a doctor. in descriptions Madrid is a big city.	to talk about definite people, things or ideas the hostel is not very far from here. with some geographical names the USA with the names of rivers, mountains, seas and oceans the Volga, the Alps, the Black Sea, the Atlantic Ocean	to speak generally Teenagers are welcome here. Money is not everything. with countries, towns, names of people Russia, France, Moscow, Mr. Brown with nouns in certain phrases at home, at work, at university, at school with academic subjects: history

Ex.1 Rewrite the following words using articles a/ an

Book, old book, university, engineer, man, game, computer, economist, actress, hour, assistant, nice day, address, brother

	singular	plural
Definite	a	-
Indefinite	the	the

Ex.2 Put in a/an or ‘-‘

1. Kate and Liz are _____ students. 2. Jack is ___ very nice person. You must meet him. 3. ___ tennis is ___ very popular sport. 4. I like working with ___ people. 5. Tom and Pam aren’t at ___ home now. 6. Are you interested in ___ Physics? 7. My mother is at ___ work now.

Ex.3 Put in the or ‘-‘ with geographical names.

1. Terry isn’t from ___ Canada. 2. ___ Nile is a river in ___ Africa. 3. ___ Pacific is between ___ America and ___ Asia. 4. My friends live close to ___ Black Sea. 5. ___ Alps are mountains in Central Europe. 6. I’m from ___ Moscow. 7. Stockholm is the capital of ___ Sweden. 8. Alan is from San Francisco which is in ___ West of ___ United States.

Ex. 4 Complete the gaps in the rhyme using the words in the frame

… South, … North, … East, … West

Eat your broth and go to _______________Give a feast and go to _____________

Pass your test and go to ________________Open your mouth and go to ________

Ex.5 Fill in the gaps in the story. Consult the Russian version

«Я думаю, это все, миссис Грант,» - сказал доктор Колд и протянул ей список предписаний. Список был очень длинным, и миссис Грант чуть удар не хватил пока дочитала его до конца. У нее болела голова, была простуда, у нее начинался грипп. В довершение всего, у одного из ее детей была свинка. «Я также прописал вам таблетки от повышенного давления,» - сказал доктор Колд. «Сколько таблеток я должна принимать?» «Одну в день?» «Одну таблетку после каждого приема пищи, то есть три таблетки в день.» миссис Грант поблагодарила доктора и с трудом дошла до аптеки. Она протянула свой длинный список аптекарю – мистеру Вайту. Мистер Вайт весело приветствовал ее. «Вот это список! Надеюсь вы поправляетесь!» сказал он, взглянув на список.

«I think that’s all, Mrs. Grant» Dr. Cold said as he handed her … list of prescriptions. … list was very long and Mrs. Grant almost fainted as she tried to read it. She had … headache and … cold and felt as if she was getting … flu. On top of this, one of her children was in bed with … mumps. ‘I’ve prescribed some pills for … high pressure as well,’ Dr. Cold said. ‘How many do I have to take - … pill … day?’ ‘No, one pill with each meal. Three pills … day.’ Mrs. Grant thanked … doctor and staggered into the local chemist’s with some difficulty. She handed … long prescription list to Mr. White, … chemist. Mr. White greeted her cheerfully. ‘Good morning, Mrs Grant,’ he said, glancing at … list. ‘What a list! I trust you are keeping well!’

Ex. 6 Put in a/an or the

1. Rome is ___ capital of Italy. 2. Don’t sit on ___ chair. It’s dirty. 3. Peter and Mary have two children, ___ boy and ___ girl. ___ boy is 7 and ___ girl is 3. 4. What is ___ name of this village? 5. I live in ___ old house on the outskirts. It’s two miles from ___ city center. 6. In North Street you will see 3 houses: ___ red two-storey house, ___ blue three-storey house and ___ nice white house. I live in ___ white house. 7. Tim lives in ___ small village in ___ country. 8. Close ___ door, please. I’m cold.

Ex. 7 Use the article if it is necessary and tell your friend this story

Once … dog was crossing … small bridge. It was carrying … piece of … meat in … mouth. Suddenly … dog saw another dog in … river. … second dog was carrying … piece of meat, too, and looked exactly like … first dog. So … first dog jumped into … river. It wanted to get … other dog’s meat. But it dropped its meat and couldn’t find any dog at all. Why?