Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций

1. Elements are transformed into other elements both by man and by nature.

2. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies.

3. They will be shown a new film tomorrow.

4. The launching of Sputnik 1 was followed by many achieve­ments in science and engineering.

5. When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.

6. He was asked many questions at the exams.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоя­тельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите пре­дложения на русский язык

1. The atoms forming our planet are built of negative electrons, positive protons and ordinary neutrons.

2. Nylon was the first synthetic fibre used in clothing.

3. This kind of treatment when used makes the metals heat-resistant.

4. When passing through an electroscope, X-rays cause its discharge.

III. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значе­ния слова ONE

1. This metro station was opened last year, and that one will be put into operation in two years.

2. One of our teachers will be in London this week.

3. One must take part in scientific work.

4. Our old laboratory equipment was much worse than the new one.

IV. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива

1. It is necessary for a Soviet specialist to know a foreign language.

2. The Russian scientists were the first to construct and launch the space rocket.

3. Our idea was to design a new device for automatic control.

4. The new method to be introduced at our plant will boost labour productivity.

V. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык

1. There are many kinds of building materials.

2. In the next few years a new generation computer will be developed.

3. We haven't much time to solve this problem.

4. There is little water in this cup.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Building construction is an ancient human activity. Constructed shelters were one means by which human beings were able to adapt themselves to a wide variety of climates. Human shelters were at first very simple and perhaps lasted only a few days or months. Over time, however, even temporary structures evolved into such highly refined forms as the igloo. Gradually more durable structures began to appear, particularly after the advent of agriculture, when people began to stay in one place for long periods.

The first shelters were dwellings, but later other functions, such as food storage and ceremony, were housed in separate buildings. Some structures began to have symbolic as well as functional value, marking the beginning of the distinction between architecture and building.

The history of building is marked by a number of trends:

One is the increasing durability of the materials used. Early building materials were perishable, such as leaves, branches, etc. Later, more durable natural materials such as clay, stone, and timber and, finally, synthetic materials such as brick, concrete, metals, and plastics were used.

Another is a quest for buildings of ever greater height and span; this was made possible by the development of stronger materials and by knowledge of how materials behave and how to exploit them to greater advantage.

A third major trend involves the degree of control exercised over the interior environment of buildings: increasingly precise regulation of air temperature, light and sound levels, humidity, odours, air speed, and other factors that affect human comfort.

VII. Ответьте письменно на вопрос:

What trends is the history of building marked by?