Human Development Index (hdi)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. It was created by Indian economist Amartya Sen and Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.

Rank	Country	HDI
New 2014 estimates for 2013		Change in rank between 2014 report to 2013 report	New 2014 estimates for 2013
1		Norway	0.944
2		Australia	0.933
3		Switzerland	0.917
4		Netherlands	0.915
5		United States	0.914
6		Germany	0.911
7		New Zealand	0.910
8		Canada	0.902
9	(3)	Singapore	0.901
10		Denmark	0.900
11	(3)	Ireland	0.899
12	(1)	Sweden	0.898
13		Iceland	0.895
14		United Kingdom	0.892
15		Hong Kong	0.891
15	(1)	South Korea	0.891
17	(1)	Japan	0.890
18	(2)	Liechtenstein	0.889
19		Israel	0.888
20		France	0.884
21		Austria	0.881
21		Belgium	0.881
21		Luxembourg	0.881
24		Finland	0.879
25		Slovenia	0.874

As a non-UN member, the government of Taiwan calculates its own HDI, which had a value of 0.882 in 2011. Additionally, while the HDI for the Chinese special administrative region of Hong Kong is calculated by the UN, it is not for Macau. The Macanese government calculated the territory's HDI to be 0.868 in 2011. These values place both Taiwan and Macau well within the list of countries with "Very high human development". Furthermore, in 2009 a United Nations project calculated the HDI for all of its members, as well as Taiwan, Macau, and many dependent territories. The HDI values for the countries of San Marino and Monaco, which have not been included in official annual HDI reports, were found to be at 0.961 and 0.956 respectively. This places both countries firmly within the category of countries with "Very high human development" as well. The dependent territories with HDI values equivalent to "Very high human development" were: Jersey, Cayman Islands, Bermuda, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Norfolk Island, Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, British Virgin Islands, Falkland Islands, Aruba, Puerto Rico, Martinique, and Guam. Of note, the HDI values in the 2009 report were calculated using the old HDI formula, while HDI values after the year 2010 are calculated with a different formula.