1.3.Определите, является утверждение:

a. истинным

b. ложным

c. в тексте нет информации

Higher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education occurs at various educational establishments.

 Задание 2.

Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4,5) соответствует следующая информация:

The vocational higher education and training takes place at vocational universities and schools.

Задание 3.

Ответьте на вопрос:

Where does the general higher education and training take place?

1. in a university, college, or Institute of Technology

2. in career colleges

3. in academies

Тема №2: Маркетинговые стратегии.

Implementation

While products and services that fit the strategy may receive additional investment, those that don't must also be addressed, either via consolidation with another product/service, divestment to another firm, immediate retirement or harvesting without further investment. Additionally, the exact means of implementing a strategy needs to be considered. These points range from:

Alliances with other firms to fill capability/technology/legal gaps

Investment in internal development

Mergers/acquisitions of products or firms to reduce time to market

Countries such as India and China require market entrants to operate via partnerships with local firms.

Strategic implementation and control.

Implementing a strategy involves organizing, resourcing and employing change management procedures.

Organizing

Implementing a strategy may require organizational changes, such as creating new units, merging existing ones or even switching from a geographical structure to a functional one or vice versa.

Resourcing

Implementation may require significant budget shifts, impacting human resources and capital expenditure.

Change management

Implementing a strategy may have effects that ripple across an organization. Minimizing disruption can reduce costs and save time. One approach is to appoint an individual to champion the changes, address and eventually enlist opponents and proactively identify and mitigate problems.

Задание 1.

1.1. Определите, является утверждение:

a. истинным

b. ложным

c. тексте нет информации

Implementing a strategy involves organizing, resourcing and employing change management procedures.

1.2. Определите, является утверждение:

a. истинным

b. ложным

c. тексте нет информации

Implementation may sometimes require significant budget shifts, impacting human resources and capital expenditure.

1.3. Определите, является утверждение:

a. истинным

b. ложным

c. тексте нет информации

Implementing a strategy always affects the structure of firm and its functioning.

Задание 2.

Определите основную идею текста.

1. Implementation of strategies

2. Change management

3. Organizing and Resourcing

Задание 3.

Внизу представлено краткое содержание текста. Используя информацию текста, закончите абстракт.

Implementation involves organizing, resourcing and employing change

procedures. Implementing a strategy may require changes.

may require significant budget shifts, impacting human resources and capital expenditure. Minimizing disruption can reduce and save time.

Тема №3: Управление персоналом

Competitive advantage

Part 3

The 1980s also saw the widespread acceptance of positioning theory. Although the theory originated with Jack Trout in 1969, it didn’t gain wide acceptance until Al Ries and Jack Trout wrote their classic book “Positioning: The Battle For Your Mind” (1979). The basic premise is that a strategy should not be judged by internal company factors but by the way customers see it relative to the competition. Crafting and implementing a strategy involves creating a position in the mind of the collective consumer. Several techniques enabled the practical use of positioning theory. Perceptual mapping for example, creates visual displays of the relationships between positions. Multidimensional scaling, discriminant analysis, factor analysis and conjoint analysis are mathematical techniques used to determine the most relevant characteristics (called dimensions or factors) upon which positions should be based. Preference regression can be used to determine vectors of ideal positions and cluster analysis can identify clusters of positions.

In 1992 Jay Barney saw strategy as assembling the optimum mix of resources, including human, technology and suppliers, and then configuring them in unique and sustainable ways.

Michael Hammer and James Champy felt that these resources needed to be restructured. In a process that they labeled reengineering, firm's reorganized their assets around whole processes rather than tasks. In this way a team of people saw a project through, from inception to completion. This avoided functional silos where isolated departments seldom talked to each other. It also eliminated waste due to functional overlap and interdepartmental communications.

In 1989 Richard Lester and the researchers at the MIT Industrial Performance Center identified seven best practices and concluded that firms must accelerate the shift away from the mass production of low cost standardized products. The seven areas of best practice were: simultaneous continuous improvement in cost, quality, service, and product innovation, breaking down organizational barriers between departments, eliminating layers of management creating flatter organizational hierarchies, closer relationships with customers and suppliers, intelligent use of new technology, global focus, improving human resource skills.

Задание 1.