Lesson 6

Read the text: Ergonomics

Ergonomics derives from two Greek words: ergon, meaning work, and nomoi, meaning natural laws, to create a word that means the science of work and a person’s relationship to that work.

The International Ergonomics Association has adopted this technical definition: ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.

That is not the most efficient definition of what ergonomics is. Let us keep things simple. Ergonomics is the science of making things comfy. It also makes things efficient. And when you think about it, comfy is just another way of making things efficient. However for simplicity, ergonomics makes things comfortable and efficient.

At its simplest definition ergonomics literally means the science of work. So ergonomists, i.e. the practitioners of ergonomics, study work, how work is done and how to work better.

It is the attempt to make work better that ergonomics becomes so useful. And that is also where making things comfortable and efficient comes into play.

Ergonomics is commonly thought of in terms of products. But it can be equally useful in the design of services or processes. It is used in design in many complex ways. However, what you, or the user, is most concerned with is, “How can I use the product or service, will it meet my needs, and will I like using it?” Ergonomics helps define how it is used, how it meets your needs, and most importantly if you like it. It makes things comfy and efficient.

Comfort is much more than a soft handle. Comfort is one of the greatest aspects of a design’s effectiveness. Comfort in the human-machine interface and the mental aspects of the product or service is a primary ergonomic design concern.

Comfort in the human-machine interface is usually noticed first. Physical comfort in how an item feels is pleasing to the user. If you do not like to touch it you won't. If you do not touch it you will not operate it. If you do not operate it, then it is useless.

The utility of an item is the only true measure of the quality of its design. The job of any designer is to find innovative ways to increase the utility of a product. Making an item intuitive and comfortable to use will ensure its success in the marketplace. Physical comfort while using an item increases its utility.

The mental aspect of comfort in the human-machine interface is found in feedback. You have preconceived notions of certain things. A quality product should feel like it is made out of quality materials. If it is light weight and flimsy you will not feel that comfortable using it.

The look, feel, use and durability of a product help you make a mental determination about a product or service. Basically it lets you evaluate the quality of the item and compare that to the cost. Better ergonomics mean better quality which means you will be more comfortable with the value of the item.

Efficiency is quite simply making something easier to do. Efficiency comes in many forms however. Reducing the strength required makes a process more physically efficient. Reducing the number of steps in a task makes it quicker (i.e. efficient) to complete. Reducing the number of parts makes repairs more efficient. Reducing the amount of training needed, i.e. making it more intuitive, gives you a larger number of people who are qualified to perform the task.

Efficiency can be found almost everywhere. If something is easier to do you are more likely to do it. If you do it more, then it is more useful. Again, utility is the only true measure of the quality of a design.

Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:

performance, attempt, complex, well-being, feedback, handle, utility, durability, concern, item, repair, likely, measure, quality, strength, evaluate, simplicity, preconceived

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1. What does the word “ergonomics” derive from?

2. What is the technical definition of ergonomics?

3. What makes things comfortable and efficient?

4. Where is the mental aspect of comfort in the human-machine interfaces found?

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the suggested words: item, quality, innovative, ensure, utility

The utility of an_____ is the only true measure of the _____of its design. The job of any designer is to find _____ways to increase the _____ of a product. Making an item intuitive and comfortable to use will _____ its success in the marketplace.

Exercise 4. Ask questions to the given answers:

1. Question: _________________________________________?

Answer: At its simplest definition ergonomics literally means the science of work.

2. Question: _________________________________________?

Answer: The mental aspect of comfort in the human-machine interface is found in feedback.

3. Question: _________________________________________?

Answer: A quality product should feel like it is made out of quality materials.

Exercise 5. Match the left part with the right:

1. The mental aspect of comfort in the human-machine interface	a) how it is used, how it meets your needs, and most importantly if you like it.
2. The job of any designer is to find innovative ways	b) is found in feedback.
3.Making an item intuitive and comfortable to use	c) to increase the utility of a product.
4. Ergonomics helps define	d) will ensure its success in the marketplace.

Exercise 6. Learn the following definitions:

Interface is the way in which two subjects or events affect each other.

Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result.

Utility is usefulness, the ability of something to satisfy needs or wants.

Efficiency is the ability to do something or produce something without wasting materials, time, or energy.

Exercise 7. Compose a story on one of the topics (up to 100 words):

“The utility of an item ”

“Ergonomics ”

“A design’s effectiveness”