The Forms of the Participle

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	writing	being written
Perfect	having written	having been written

Note : - Those are the forms of Participle I which is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the stem of the verb (to go - going, to read - reading, etc.). Participle II has only one form (asked, came. spoken, cut, etc.). Indefinite Participle denotes an action simultaneous with what expressed by the finite verb. Perfect Participle denotes an action prior to that expressed by the finite verb.

The Participle as the Part of a Complex Object or a Complex Subject.

Similar to the Infinitive Participle I may form part of a Complex Object or Subject when combined with a noun (pronoun) to which it stands in predicate relation. Compare:

• I saw him run along the street. (Infinitive Complex Object) – He was seen run along the street. (Infinitive Complex Subject)

• I saw him running along the street. (Participle Complex Object) – He was seen running along the street. (Participle Complex Subject)

Such complexes occur after verbs denoting physical perceptions – 'to see', 'to hear', 'to feel', 'to watch', 'to find', 'to catch'. Patterns. Read and Memorize!

Complex Object	Complex Subject
I saw her getting off the train. I could hear him whispering my name. We found the children playing on the beach.	She was seen getting off the train. He was heard whispering my name. The children were found playing on the beach.

Note 1: - Participle I used as part of a Complex Subject follows verbs of physical perception in the passive voice. Note 2: - Participle I used as part of a Complex Object or Subject emphasizes the idea that the action is in process, whereas the Infinitive just names the action. Participle II is used as a part of a Complex Object after the verbs 'to get', 'to have', 'to want'.