Тема 11. Экономическая система сша the economic system of the usa

Task 1. Learn the following words and word combinations:

1.	space research	космические исследования
2.	due to	благодаря, из-за
3.	iron ore	железная руда
4.	landscape	ландшафт
5.	to mine	добывать
6.	exhausted	исчерпанный
7.	power plant	электростанция
8.	gasoline	бензин, газолин
9.	copper	медь
10.	crop production	растениеводство
11.	animal husbandry	животноводство
12.	maize	кукуруза
13.	сattle breeding	скотоводство
14.	pig raising	свиноводство
15.	freezing	заморозка
16.	canning	консервация
17.	packaging	упаковка
18.	wood working	деревообрабатывающий
19.	to devote	посвящать
20.	to do away	покончить
21.	unemployment	безработица
22.	emphasis	акцент, особое внимание
23.	war industry	военная промышленность
24.	unevenly	неравномерно, неровно
25.	facilitiy	условие
26.	rapid communication system	система быстрой связи

Task 2. Read the text and translate it.

The Economic System of the usa

The United States of America is a highly developed industrialized country. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry, space research are highly developed in the States. Each region of the United States has characteristics of its own due to the differences in climate, landscape and geographical position. Great Lakes, Atlantic Coast, Pennsylvania, New Jersy are biggest industrial regions of the country.

ВВП США

T he United States is rich in natural resources. The main are iron ore, coal and oil. The USA produces more than 100 million tons of iron a year. Most of the coal mined in the USA is used by power plants to produce electricity. Coal is used in the chemical industry for the manufacture of plastics and other synthetics. The production, processing and marketing of such oil products as petrol (called "gasoline" or "gas" in the USA) make up one of America’s largest industries. The basic metals and minerals mined in the United States are zinc, copper and silver.

There are two branches of agriculture in the United States. They are crop production and animal husbandry. Some of the main crops grown in the USA are wheat, maize, cotton, tobacco and fruit. Cattle breeding and pig raising make up an important branch of America’s agriculture.

To make the farmer’s work more productive scientific methods of farming are employed and modern technique of freezing, canning and packaging farm products is used.

The United States is a highly industrialized country with various branches of heavy industry prevailing. They are: metallurgical, automobile, chemical and engineering industries. Many branches of light industry are also developed, among them are the textile, clothing, food and wood-working industries.

Mechanization and automation do away with thousands of office jobs, intensify production and increase labour productivity. But they also bring the growth of unemployment.

New industries are created as new discoveries are made in physics, chemistry and other sciences. Atomic energy, for example, has created a wide range of new industries. Electronics has become a major industry. Great emphasis is being made on the war industry.

American industry is distributed unevenly. Most of the industrial enterprises are located in the eastern part of the country. But industry is spreading out as there is a tendency to build factories far removed from the home plant and closer to natural resources and markets. Good transportation facilities and rapid communication systems make it possible for factories.

The leading US exports are industrial machinery, electronics equipment, textiles, iron, coal, oil products and chemicals, grain and other farm products.

Task 3. Answer the following questions to the text.

1. What natural resources is the United States rich in?

2. What are the main branches of America’s heavy industry?

3. What are the branches of light industry?

4. What is a great deal of attention devoted to in American industry?

5. What is the reason for creation of new industries in the USA?

6. What are the main branches of agriculture?

7. What makes up an important branch of America’s agriculture?

8. What crops are grown in the USA?

9. What is used for intensification of farm production?

10. What are the leading exports of the USA?

Task 4. Complete the sentences below with the given words using the correct tense.

To be developed; to have; to come; to be used; to grow; to be; to do; to create; to make.

1. The United States of America … highly … industrial country.

2. Each region of the United States … characteristics of its own.

3. Coal … in the chemical industry for the manufacture of plastics and other synthetics.

4. Some of the main crops … in the USA … wheat, maize, cotton, tobacco and fruit.

5. Mechanization and automation … away with thousands of office jobs and increase labor productivity.

6. Atomic energy … a wide range of new industries.

7. Good transportation facilities and rapid communication systems … it possible for factories.

Task 5. Learn the following words and expressions:

1.	full time work	работа с полной занятостью
2.	part time work	работа с частичной занятостью
3.	benefits	преимущества, привилегии
4.	salary	зарплата (обычно служащего)
5.	medical insurance	медицинская страховка
6.	paid vacations	оплачиваемый отпуск
7.	retirement savings plan	досрочный уход на пенсию
8.	youth	молодежь
9.	to require	требовать
10.	guardian	опекун
11.	waiter	официант
12.	coach	тренер
13.	at least	по крайней мере
14.	extra pocket money	деньги на карманные расходы
15.	wage	зарплата (обычно рабочему)
16.	prestigious	престижный
17.	to provide	обеспечивать, снабжать
18.	employer	работодатель
19.	applicant	устраивающийся на работу
20.	application	заявление
21.	taxes	налоги
22.	employee	служащий, работающий по найму
23.	interview	собеседование
24.	emergency	нестандартная ситуация

Task 6. Read the text and try to understand it.