- •Introduction
- •Contents:
- •Edgar allan poe The Cask of Amontillado
- •John steinbeck from on men and mice
- •A variety of accents (from Headway course of Englishadvanced)
- •Three factors in the development of English style Folklore is an oral version of literary style preserved since ancient days. Originally oral it now exists in a written version as a recording
- •The tulip pixies
- •Solomon’s Song of Songs.
- •From “The Glittering Images”
- •D.J.Salinger from the story “From Esme – with love and squalor”
- •Sc. Fitzgerald from “The Great Gatsby”
- •4. July 1st, 1895
- •In which eeyore loses a tail
- •Louis Untermeyer The Eskimo widow
- •Organization of lexical stylistic devices
- •Some meanings, called grammatical meanings, attach to the signals of grammar. Playing with these meanings the speaker can create various effects.
- •From dracula by Stoker Bram
- •From “Alice In Wonderland” by Lewice Caroll
- •From “Jacomo Joyce” by James Joyce
- •E.A.Poe the raven
- •Structural and linguistic features of functional styles
- •Michael Jackson considering Polish theme park investment
- •Gary Lauteis One Christmas Card Coming Up
- •A meeting of the Board Durban
- •Specialized Dictionaries
- •The secret of good style
- •How To Write Book Reviews and Literary Criticism
- •Is the setting used as a metaphor or symbol for anything?
- •Is the theme explicitly stated? If so, where does this occur? If not, what events, actions, or statements reveal the theme?
- •Is there more than one theme of the work? If so, which is the main theme?
- •The Trouble with Translation
- •Vertical
- •The Epithet
- •Popular oxymora
- •Hyperbole
- •Personification Linguistic examples
- •Bibliography
- •F. Scott Fitzgerald "The Great Galsby" Chapter 3
Personification Linguistic examples
The window winked at me. The verb, wink, is a human action. A window is a non-living object.
On your own paper, write the object being personified and the meaning of the personification.
The wind sang her mournful song through the falling leaves.
The microwave timer told me it was time to turn my TV dinner.
The video camera observed the whole scene.
The strawberries seemed to sing, "Eat me first!"
The rain kissed my cheeks as it fell.
The daffodils nodded their yellow heads at the walkers.
The water beckoned invitingly to the hot swimmers.
The snow whispered as it fell to the ground during the early morning hours.
The china danced on the shelves during the earthquake.
The car engine coughed and sputtered when it started during the blizzard.
Non-linguistic examples
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Phillipp Veit's Germania (1877), a personification of Germany.
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Bharat Mata, that is, the Mother India or Bharathamba (Bharat - India, Mata - Mother) is a personification of India as a mother goddess. She is usually depicted as a woman dressed in an orange/saffron saree holding a flag.
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Marianne, a national emblem of France French postage stamp since 1792, personification of Liberty and Reason. She is present in many places in France and holds a place of honour in town halls and law courts. Свобода, Равенство, Братство. |
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Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States, with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 and the first illustration dating from 1852. He is often depicted as a serious elderly man with white hair and a goatee, dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the flag of the United States—for example, a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white pants |
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. "The Motherland" statue in Volgograd (former Stalingrad).
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Read more about stylistics:
Bibliography
Kipfer B.A. Steinmetz S. The Life of the Language: the fascinating ways words are born, live and die - 2006 - RANDOM HOUSE New York
Kukharenko V.A. Seminars in Style. - M., 1971.
MacMahan E. Literature and the writing process | Elisabeth MacMahan, Susan X Day, Robert Func. – 6th. Ed. 2002 Pearson Education, Inc/ Upper Saddle Rivr, New Jerseyю
Short М. Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose. – L., 1996.
Арнольд И.В. Стилистика английского языка. – Л., 1981. / В.В. Гуревич. – 2-е изд.,испр. – М.: Флинта : Наука, 2007.
Гальперин И. Р. Стилистика английского языка (Stylistics). - M., 1981.
Гальперин И.Р. Текст как объект лингвистического исследования. - M., 1981.
Кухаренко В.А. Интерпретация текста. – Л., 1979.
Разинкина Н.М. Функциональная стилистика английского языка (на материале английского и русского языков): Учеб.пособие / Н.М.Разинкина. – 2-е изд.,испр. И доп. – М.: Высш.шк., 2004.
Умберто Эко Роль читателя Исследования по семиотике текста Перевод с англ. и итальянского Сергея Серебряного С-П Симпозиум М.Издательство рггу 2005. – 501 с.
Шаховский В.И. Стилистика английского языка: Учебное пособие. – М. Издательство ЛКИ, 20087.
Щевченко Н.В. Основы лингвистики текста: Учебное пособие. – М.: «Приор-издат», 2003.
Britannica Student Library. Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009.
TESTS
Close the right column and check your knowledge of stylistic devices
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I'm not afraid of dying, kid, you understand? Maybe a week. Maybe two. |
ELLIPSIS.
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After three days in the hospital, two days in jail, seven hours in the car, and six hours in the motel, Mark... |
ENUMERATION.
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. He is crazy as hell |
SIMILE. |
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..., had once again situated himself in Ord's office to analyze the latest. |
ELLIPSIS. |
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But we showed them, didn't we kid? We showed them. |
REPETITION. |
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No bugs, wire, body mikes, salt shakers, or ketchup bottles |
ENUMERATION. |
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. He stuck the filter between his lips like a gangster. |
SIMILE. |
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2. They dispose of my chubby little body somewhere, just like they did Senator Boyette and, bum!, just like that, New Orleans has another unsolved murder. |
REPETITION.
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The sooner you get here, the sooner you'll get the body. |
REPETITION. |
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2. He got the house, kids, trophy wife everything. |
ENUMERATION. |
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Listen, Reggie. Wait a minute! Listen! Can You hear it? ... Just wait a minute. |
REPETITION.
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1. The only time their father had spend at home was to drink and sleep and abuse them. |
ENUMERATION.
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He felt like an eleven-year-old father |
SIMILE. |
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Why, why, why, who, who, who. You are a real pain in the ass, Mark. |
REPETITION.
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"Very good question," Bobby said like a profess Pandering a first-year law student. |
HIPERBOLE.
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You are the stupid one, Mark thought again. |
UNDERSTATEMENT. |
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He had four of them in his pocket that Afternoon as he lad his brother, Ricky, age eight, down the path into the woods behind their trailer park |
INVERSION.
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...., then squirmed and slid backward like drugged elephant until he hit the rear window. |
SIMILE.
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Slowly ever so slowly, he inched his shaking finger to the door lock switch. |
HIPERBOLE.
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My name is Gill Teal and I'm a lawyer, and specialize in auto accidents, especially cases involving large trucks. |
POLYSINDATON.
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None of your damned business, okey, kid, i'm nuts, okey. |
UNDERSTATEMENT. |
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It took years, but she slowly pieced her life back together. |
METONIMY. |
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The after math had not been pretty, but the drunken idiot stopped beating their . mother. |
UNDERSTATEMENT. |
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Good luck to you, Mark, and I assure you you've been a bigger pain. |
HIPERBOLE. |
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The blade is not the smartest thug I’ve ever met. |
UNDERSTATEMENT. |
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And Mark glanced at the bullet hole in the window, and at the millions of tiny crooked cracks running from it, then at the red face and heavy eyelids. |
POLYSINDATON.
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He was married and that was mandatory |
Parallel constructions |
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Shhhhhh, you are talking too loud. |
HIPERBOLE. |
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3. He started chasing women, and became involved with a younger nurse, who eventually became wife number two. |
POLYSINDATON.
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Thinks he's genius, but he's really quite stupid. |
UNDERSTATEMENT. |
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"You're too crazy," she kept muttering, and it was not idle talk. |
HIPERBOLE. |
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He was like a pregnant woman |
Simile |
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She was quiet, light, fragile, tender, affectionate, loving, delicate |
Enumeration |
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we ride, play tennis or golf, swim or gamble |
Enumeration |
Test your skills on analyzing stylistic functions:
