III. Таблица глагольных конструкций в действительном залоге

Время	Simple Простая конструкция	Continuous Продолженная конструкция	Perfect Завершённая конструкция	Perfect Continuous Продолженная конструкция с промежуточным результатом
Форма инфинитива	to V	to be Ving	to have +V3 (Ved)	to have been Ving
Настоящее время Present	Факт действия в настоящем	Процесс действия в настоящем	Результат действия, связанный с настоящим моментом	Действие началось в прошлом, имеет результат на настоящий момент, и будет продолжаться
	V1/Vs вспомогат. глаголы do/does (3л., ед. ч) для обр. вопр. и отр.	am are Ving is(3л., ед. ч)	have V3 (Ved) has (3л., ед. ч)	have been Ving has(3л., ед. ч)
	Поясняющие слова: usually; generally; always; every day; often; seldom; sometimes	Поясняющие слова: now; at the moment; at present; at 5 o’clock; when he comes	Поясняющие слова: already/yet/just; ever/never; for/since/once; so far; lately/recently; today; this week/year; by now/how long	Поясняющие слова: for a month; for a long time; since 6 o’clock; for; how long; since when
Прошедшее время Past	Факт действия в прошлом	Процесс действия в прошлом	Результат действия к моменту времени в прошлом	Действие началось до определённого момента в прошлом и продолжается в данный момент в прошлом
	Ved/V2 всп. глагол did для обр. вопр. и отр.	was Ving were	had V3 (Ved)	had been Ving
	Поясняющие слова: yesterday; ago/then/when; last week/year; just now; in 1935; how long ago	Поясняющие слова: at 3 o’clock yesterday; from 2 to 8 yesterday; for two days last week; all day long; the whole day; …when he came	Поясняющие слова: by two o’clock yesterday; by the end of last month; till/until; before he came; after/just/yet; already/for/since; ever/never; by the time when	Поясняющие слова: …for two days; before/after; just/yet/already; for/since; ever/never; till/until; by/by the time
Будущее время Future	Факт действия в будущем	Процесс действия в будущем	Результат действия к моменту времени в будущем	Действие начинается до определённого момента в будущем и продолжается в указанный момент в будущем
	will/shall V1	will/shall be + Ving	will/shall have + V3	will/shall have been + Ving
	Поясняющие слова: tomorrow; next week/day; in two days; in 2014	Поясняющие слова: at 7 o’clock tomorrow; from 5 to 7 tomorrow; for two days next week; all day long tomorrow; when he comes	Поясняющие слова: by 4 o’clock tomorrow; by next winter	Поясняющие слова: for two hours; since

Будущее время в различных конструкциях:

to be going to

значение: намерение, предположение, предупреждение

перевод: собираться, намереваться

Present Simple

значение: действие происходит согласно расписанию, программе

перевод: настоящим временем

Present Continuous (be+Ving)

значение: действие запланировано и организовано заранее

перевод: будущим временем, настоящим временем

Примечание:

1) в предложениях с формами Perfect не используются вопросы,

начинающиеся со слов WHEN и WHERE

2) глаголы, описывающие чувственное восприятие, состояние, ментальную деятельность, не

используются в формах Continuous; be, belong, believe, cost, feel, forget, hate, have (= possess),

know, like, love, need, prefer, realize, remember, see, seem, smell, sound, suppose, taste, think,

understand, want и др.

3) после слов till, until, after, before, if, unless, providing, in case, when, as soon as и др., которые

присоединяют придаточные предложения условия или времени, формы будущего времени не

используются; вместо них используются формы настоящего или прошедшего времени

Примеры

Present Tenses

1. Present Simple

They live in Paris. They don’t live in Paris. Do they live in Paris? Where do they live?

Who lives in Paris?

Kelly studies well. Kelly doesn’t study well. Does Kelly study well? Where does Kelly

study? Who studies well?

2. Present Continuous

My parents are walking in the park now. My parents aren’t walking in the park now.

Are my parents walking in the park now? What park are my parents walking in now?

Who is walking in the park now? My friend is walking in the park now.

3. Present Perfect

They have already seen this film. They haven’t seen this film yet. Have they seen this

film yet? What film have they seen this week?

Tom has just visited the picture gallery.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

They have been traveling for two weeks. They have not been travelling for two weeks

yet. Have they been travelling for two weeks? How long have they been traveling? Who

has been travelling for two weeks?

My sister has been travelling for two weeks

Past Tenses

5. Past Simple

They lived in Paris two years ago. They didn’t live in Paris two years ago. Did they live

in Paris two years ago? Where did they live two years ago? Who lived in Paris two years

ago?

6. Past Continuous

My parents were walking in the park at two o’clock yesterday. My parents weren’t

walking in the park at two o’clock yesterday. Were my parents walking in the park at two

o’clock yesterday? Where were my parents walking at two o’clock yesterday?

7. Past Perfect

They had already seen that film by the time we came. They hadn’t seen that film yet. Had

they seen that film before? What film had they seen before?

8. Past Perfect Continuous

They had already been travelling for two weeks when we met. Had they been travelling

for two weeks when we met? How long had they been travelling when we met?

Future Tenses

9. Future Simple

They will live in Paris next year. They won’t live in Paris next year. Will they live in

Paris next year? When will they live in Paris?

10. Future Continuous

My parents will be walking in the park at five o’clock tomorrow. My parents won’t be

walking in the park at five o’clock tomorrow. When will my parents be walking in the

park?

11. Future Perfect

His friends will have already seen the film by the time he comes. His friends will not

have seen the film by the time he comes. Will his friends have seen the film by the time

he comes? What film will his friends have seen by the time he comes?

12. Future Perfect Continuous

They will have already been travelling for two weeks when we meet. They will not have

been travelling for two weeks yet when we meet. Will they have already been travelling

for two weeks when we meet? How long will they have been travelling when we meet?