1. What is welding?

Basic Level Text 1. The world of welding Basic Level Text 2.WELDING Grammar: Passive Voice, either....or; both....and Text 3. HISTORY OF WELDING Text 4. HISTORY OF WELDING - IN THE BEGINNING

Basic level:

2. Exercise 1. Discuss the questions in your group:

1. Where is welding used?

2. What welding processes are widely used in our country?

3. What role will welding play in the future world?

4. Have you read anything about welding?

5. What do you know about your future specialty?

6. Is there welding equipment in the laboratory of your institute?

Text1. The world of welding

The technology of welding has contributed greatly toward making the world better, more productive and a more wonderful place in which to live. Welding is used in the manufacture of almost everything made of metal - ships, locomotive, railroad rails and care, automobiles, pipelines, tanks, aircraft, and household appliances.

Welding used today in so many important industries of our national economy, that if welding disappeared, we might say: «Without welding the world would fall apart». It keeps railroads, truck fleets, steel mills, power plants. Nuclear power plants and spaceships, translators and vacuum tubes, gas-turbine wheels and diaphragms require modern welding technology and quite unusual welding processes.

No present-day technological process has developed at such a rapid race as that of welding. Just a few years ago the ordinary manual arc welding processes was the basic method used in industry. Arc welding, resistance welding, gas welding, shielded inert-gas metal-arc welding, electro-slag welding, atomic hydrogen welding, ultrasonic welding and other commercial processes of manual and automatic welding are widely used in our country.

The scientific and technical aspects of electronic welding are studied by many research establishments, departments of higher schools and factory laboratories. The science and technology of welding have an important part to play in the future world. Without welding interplanetary liners cannot be built, welding is necessary for building launching sites on other planets and in outer space.

Among the means that would be used in the future to join refractory metals and other materials are high frequency current ultrasonic, plasma, controlled fusion and electron beam. The very term «Welding» would become old-fashioned and welding would be replaced by a kind of «gluing» or «cold welding», with which the metal was not heated to melting point but was joined by means of tremendous compression and the uniting of atoms.

Comments:

1. no process - никакой процесс

2. as that of - «that» заменяет существительное

3. in the field - in the field of welding

4. the very term - сам термин

3. Exercise 2. Answer these questions:

1) What technology and welding processes do the nuclear power plants and spaceships require?

2) What welding process was the basic method just a few years ago?

3) What methods of welding do our scientific pay great attention to?

4) Where are the scientific and technical aspects of welding studied?

5)What welding methods are used for joining refractory metals?

VOCABULARY:

1. welding - сварка

arc - дуговая сварка

forge - кузнечная сварка

resistance - контактная сварка

2. add - добавлять

3. flame – пламя