5 Psychological features
5.1.1 Aesthetic look
5.1.2 Choice of style
5.1.3 Color solution
5.2 Location of interface elements
Graphically display will look like a form (window) and thus justify the location of each element on the form in terms of functionality and convenience.
Picture 4 – The system interface ATM
5.3 Ergonomics
Friendliness, nice interface, “soft” messages about errors: “Welcome!”, “Are you sure, that you want exit?” are connected with ergonomics.
5.4 Target audience
5.4.1 Age of users
5.4.2 Their mood, temperament, etc.
6 Economic rationale
6.1 Developing of IS business plan
Business Compendium is a technique for calculating the economic cost of the program on IS.
Includes calculations of estimated expenses, the cost of software development, the cost of one CD software, cost-effectiveness.
6.2 Calculation of IS cost
6.2.1 Calculation of cost estimates
In calculating the cost estimates need to calculate all the costs incurred for the implementation of the software, such as the cost of equipment (PC, office equipment), wages, services (utilities, information translated into another language, the Internet, etc.), materials (kants.tovary, CD, table, chair, etc.) , software (Windows, antivirus system, programming languages), and others.
6.2.2 Calculation of IS development costs
6.2.3 Calculation of one CD (license) cost
We use a rough calculation.
To calculate the cost of one CD to analyze market PP and the number of potential consumers (P) of the software. To justify.
In the beginning it is necessary to calculate the cost (C) software. C = cost / P
Suppose potential consumers ≈ 1000 ≈ 10,000 costs
10000 + 20000 = cost of development
30% of all opportunities to recoup the costs +
Calculate the cost of software:
C = 10000/1000 = 10% - costs covered
6.3 Calculation of economic efficiency
Economic efficiency means in itself revenues from sales and net profit.
Net profit = revenue - taxes - expenses. Based on this formula to calculate the net income and the calculation result.
Income includes all cash received from the sale of software.
Tax (VAT) = 13% (if the income does not exceed 1 million. $)
6.4 Building up its РR-campaign
6.4.1 Analysis of the market
To analyze the market for software to determine the place of delivery of the developed program.
6.4.2 Advertising campaign for the promotion of IS
A description of all advertising companies (shares), which will be held on the promotion of the software. If the media will be used, indicate their names.
Stages of software development
Writing technical specifications
Modeling
Analysis
Development
Testing
Debugging
Support
Promotion and sale
8 Is testing and debugging
8.1 Testing and Debugging IS
There are many methods of debugging that can be categorized and classified based on the features of software development. The most promising of them, from the viewpoint of improving the reliability of programs are the methods of automated testing, since automation can increase the productivity of the process of debugging and reduce the likelihood of introducing errors at this stage.
Testing IS - a process study (comparison) software on a data set for which the result is known in advance the use or know the rules of conduct of the programs.
IS testing - the process of assessing the quality of the software to detect it possible potential errors.
Classification errors
In accordance with the processing steps which occur errors are distinguished:
- Syntax errors - errors recorded by the compiler (compiler, interpreter) when the syntactic and semantic analysis in part, of the program;
- Layout errors - errors detected by the linker (linker) by combining modules of the program;
- Runtime errors - errors detected by the operating system, hardware or user during program execution.
As well as:
Spelling
Stylistic
Syntax
Punctuation
Logic
Functionality
Technical
Software
Algorithmic
Optimization
Psychological
Semantic
Specific et al.
Debugging - is the process of locating and correcting errors found during testing software. Localization is the process of determining the operator programs the implementation of which cause a malfunction in the computational process. To correct the error, you must determine its cause, t. E define an operator or a fragment containing the error. Causes of errors can be both obvious and very deeply hidden.
Methods of debugging software IS
Debugging the program in any case involves thinking and logical understanding of all available information about the error. Most errors can be detected by indirect signs through a careful analysis of texts of programs and test results without more information. In this case, use a variety of methods:
- Manual testing;
- Induction;
- Deduction;
- Backtracking.
The method of manual testing. This - the simplest and most natural way to this group. When an error is detected it is necessary to perform the program being tested manually using the test kit, at work with which the error was detected. The method is very effective, but not suitable for large programs, programs with complex calculations and in cases where the error due to wrong assumptions about the programmer some operations. This method is often used as part of other debugging techniques.
Method of induction. The method is based on a careful analysis of symptoms errors that may appear as the wrong calculation results or error message. If the computer is simply "freezes", the fragment displays error calculated from the results obtained and the last user action. Information thus received organize and scrutinize, browsing the corresponding fragment program. As a result of these actions hypothesize error, each of which is checked. If the hypothesis is correct, then the detail information about the error, or - put forward another hypothesis.
The most important stage - identifying symptoms mistakes. Organizing data error, it is advisable to write down everything that is known about its manifestations, and, fix, as the situation in which a fragment of an error is performed normally, and the situation in which the error occurs. If as a result of examining the data no hypothesis does not appear, you need more information about the error. Further information can be obtained, for example by performing a similar test.
In the process of trying to find evidence that all manifestations of this hypothesis explains the error, if not all, either hypothesis is not correct, or a few errors.
The method of deduction. By the method of deduction initially form a variety of reasons that could cause this manifestation of errors, and then analyzing the reasons, exclude those that are contrary to reports. If all excluded reasons, it is necessary to perform an additional test the fragment, otherwise, most likely hypothesis try to prove. If the hypothesis explains the features obtained error, the error is found, otherwise - check the following reason.
The method of backtracking. For small programs to effectively use the method of backtracking. Start from the point O incorrect result. To this point of conjecture about the values of the basic variables that could lead to the existing result. Further, on the basis of this hypothesis, make assumptions about the values of the variables in the previous point. The process is continued until the find the cause.
Methods and tools for more information
For more information about the error, you can perform additional tests or to use special methods and tools:
- Debugging output;
- Integrated debugging tools;
- Independent debuggers.
8.2. Testing methodology
Specify by what methods IS will be tested, for example the trial and error method, alpha or beta testing, and so on.
8.3. Testing for malicious code
Testing for malicious code is done by using some antivirus program (Kaspersky, Dr Web, etc.). Specify this program, test and draw a conclusion.
It is required to indicate whether IS will be tested and by what methods.