Internal factors:

· Firm market strategy and tactics

· Specificity of products

· Features of production

· Features of the goods promotion system on the market

· A market capacity, its dynamics, structure

· The manufacturer image

· degree of administrative system perfection

External factors:

· Political stability of the country

· The economic life condition

· buyers consumer behavior

· A degree of access on the market

· A condition of a price competition

· State regulation of the prices

· Ethics and a culture of behavior in the market.

30. Functions of price. Пазыл Айкүміс Өмірбекқызы

The price is carried out five functions:

· accomodation (measurements of public expenses of labour)

· Stimulating, i.e. the price constrains or encourages manufacture and consumption

· Distributive it is connected with participation of the prices in distribution and redistribution of the National Income between participants of market attitudes

· Balancing a supply and demand function

· Function of the price as means of rational accommodation and use of the limited resources (by means of the mechanism of the prices there is a transition of capitals in branches of economy in higher rate of return, having poured a manpower …)

Pricing - process of definition of the prices for the goods and services. Two factors of influence are allocated for pricing:

Internal factors:

· Firm market strategy and tactics

· Specificity of products

· Features of production

· Features of the goods promotion system on the market

· A market capacity, its dynamics, structure

· The manufacturer image

· degree of administrative system perfection

External factors:

· Political stability of the country

· The economic life condition

· buyers consumer behavior

· A degree of access on the market

· A condition of a price competition

· State regulation of the prices

· Ethics and a culture of behavior in the market.

31. The firm price policy Смаил Алмара Мұратқызы

How Companies Price

In small companies, the boss often sets prices. In large companies, division and prod­uct-line managers handle pricing. Even here, top management sets general pricing objectives and policies and often approves the prices proposed by lower levels of man­agement. In industries where pricing is a key factor (aerospace, railroads, oil compa­nies), companies will often establish a pricing department to set or assist others in determining appropriate prices. This department reports to the marketing department, finance department, or top management. Others who exert an influence on pricing include sales managers, production managers, finance managers, and accountants .

Effectively designing and implementing pricing strategies requires a thorough understanding of consumer pricing psychology and a systematic approach to setting, adapting, and changing prices.

32. Strategy of the pricing Пардабай Ерлан Қаныбекұлы

Strategy of the differentiated pricing are based on heterogeneity of categories of buyers and an opportunity of sales of the same goods under the different prices. Strategy of the differentiated pricing is concern:

• Price strategy of the discount in the second market is based that the price for the same goods (service) at its sale in the new market is established below, i.e. at a discount. Price strategy of the seasonal (periodic) discount is based on features of seasonally demand from various categories of buyers.

• Price strategy of the casual discount (casual reduction of prices) is based on the account of possible expenses of time of the buyer on search of the necessary goods, that finally is motive of application of the casual discount.

• According strategy of price discrimination the company offers on sale in one and too time the same goods under the different prices to different categories of buyers.

Strategy of competitive pricing is based on the account in the prices of competitiveness of the company. Therefore the most competitive firms having steady reputation in the market can spend the given price strategy. This strategy is applied or at an output on the market with essentially new products which are being at an initial stage of life cycle and not having close analogues, or at formation of the new market. To strategy of competitive pricing concern:

• Price strategy of penetration on the market is based on an establishment originally concerning the low price for the goods, loss of profit leading for some time.

• Price strategy the signalizing by the prices is based on using by the company of trust of the buyer to the price mechanism

• Price strategy on « a curve of development » is based on advantages of the got experience and concerning low expenses of the company in comparison with competitors.

• Price strategy « removals of dense milk» is based on presence of a segment of the market on which buyers agree to pay higher price for the goods having for them special value because of its any properties

Strategy the assortment pricings are based that the firm lets out the certain assortment similar, interfaced, interchangeable or the mutual adding goods or services. Strategy the assortment pricings concern to strategy:

• Price strategy "set" (commodity sets) is applied in conditions of non-uniformity of demand for not interchangeable goods.

• Price strategy « above face value » (various profitableness) is applied by the company when it collides with non-uniformity of demand for the interchangeable goods and consequently can receive additional profit due to growth of scale from manufactures for one of the goods.

• Price strategy "image" is based that the company lets out the high-quality and prestigious production, using by steady demand on the market.

33. Methods of calculation on the price of a product Рысақ Бегімхан Сейітханұлы

· The Methods focused on costs

« Costs + profit »;

« Costs + a cape »

"Target" rate of return and break-evens;

A method of structural analogy;

«Normative-parametrical methods: the ball method, a method of specific parameters

· The Methods focused on demand

Price discrimination;

Methods of discounts - seasonal, casual;

The method of felt value of the goods;

The psychological pricing;

The contract methods;

· The Methods focused on a competition

In view of the developed prices in the market;

The method of following for the leader;

The method exchange, тендерных the tenders;

· Administrative methods

State price control;

Transfer pricing

34. The selling policy of firm. Раманқұл Аян Оспанұлы

Selling is all operations from the moment output of the goods frоm gate the enterprise till the moment of goods transfer which bought, to the buyer.

The selling policy is divided into three parts:

1. The preparatory stage which directly precedes to goodmoving . At this stage the planning and development of strategy of actions on realization of marketing policy is made. Pay off volumes of selling, the most expedient means of delivery for wholesale bases, warehouses, shops are defined, trade channels are created and get out, studying and a choice of wholesalers, distributors and agents is spent.

2. The stage of the organization the physical moving system of the goods from the manufacturer up to destinations;