• a cold – a common disease caused by microorganism which live in upper respiratory tract

• abortion – failure or cancelling an action

• acquired immunity – immunity which is received after vaccination

• adolescent – period of life of a child between 12 to 18 years

• allergen – a specific molecule or microorganism which can cause allergic reaction

• allergy – a specific reaction of our body when it is intruded by allergen

• anaphylactic shock – certain allergic reaction which characterized by compressing the upper respiratory tract

• angioplasty – surgery procedure which goal is to eliminate a vessel break

• antacid – drugs which reduce stomach reflux

• antibody – specific proteins which can recognize and destroy antigens

• antihistamines – drugs used for reducing allergic reaction

• aorta – the largest vessel of our body which leaves heart

• arrhythmia – quick heart rate

• asthma – disease during which your upper respiratory tract strangle after allergen intrude

• astigmatism – blurred vision

• capillary – the smallest vessel on our body

• chickenpox – contagious viral disease, mostly childrens’

• conjunctivitis – conjunctive inflammation

• cyanosis – blue skin colour due to oxygen loss

• deafness – disability to hear

• dendrite – short process of a neuron

• diabetes – one of the most common metabolism disease, caused by sugar metabolism failure

• eardrum – membrane in a middle ear

• endocrine system – regulatory system which regulates body’s processed by hormones

• gall bladder – bile container

• gastritis – inflammation of stomach mucous layer

• gestation – pregnancy

• gland – organ which produce hormones

• heart attack – necrosis of heart muscle

• heart failure – heart defect

• hormone – specific chemical substance which can regulate work of organs

• hyperglycaemia – heightened level of sugar on blood

• hyperopia – eye defect, disability of watching on a short distances

• hyperthyroidism – increased production of thyreiod hormones

• hypothyroidism – decrease production of thyreiod hormones

• Incubation period – one of the infection period when symptoms are not shown

• Infancy – period of child development certainly after birth

• Insufficiency – low number of nutrition

• large intestine – the last part of alimentary tract

• larynx – part of the upper respiratory tract with a voice box

• lower respiratory tract – part of the respiratory system which consist of bronchi and lungs

• myelin – cover of neuron processes

• myocardium – the middle layer of the heart wall

• myopia – disability of further vision

• natural immunity – immune which we receive after birth of with mother feed

• neurology – medical science about nerve system

• otitis externa/media – inflammation of different ear structures

• overproduction – increased production of something

• pancreas – gland, which is situated under the stomach

• puberty – the period of final development of gonads

• respiratory system – system which provides taking oxygen from the surrounding air

• retina – the external layer of an eye

• rhinitis – inflammation of mucous layer of the nose

• small intestine – part of the alimentary tract which goes before the large intestine

• systole – the condition of excited heart muscle

• toddler – child who starts walking

• tunica adventitia – connective tissue which supports vessels

• tunica media – issue layer in a vessel which consist of muscles

• upper respiratory tract – part of the respiratory system which consis of nose, pharynx, larynx etc.

IV. Choose the best answer among a, b, с, and d.

You should _______ lots of fruit and vegetables to improve your immune system.

a. to eat b. eating c. eaten d. eat

The patient’s insulin pen ______ to have been left in the hotel.

a. turned out b. was turned out c. is turned out d. have turned out

The nurse let my relatives _________ the ward.

a. to enter b. entering c. entered d. enter

Carbohydrates __________ to have the greatest impact on blood glucose level.

a. are considered b. considered c. is considered d. consider

Your daughter will ______ by the Professor on Tuesday.

a. examine b. to examine c. be examined d. to be examined

About 30% of patients have brain surgery without _____ general anaesthetics.

a. giving b. being given c. having given d. having been given

If you have hiccups, try _____ your breath for as long as you can.

a. to hold b. hold c. being hold d. holding

Everyone heard the patient ______ the whole night.

a. coughing b. being coughed c. to cough d. to be coughed

‘What’s your weight?’ ‘I ______ 70 kilos.’

a. am weighing b. is weighing c. weighs d. weigh

I _____ a new course in biophysics next month.

a. start b. am starting c. have started d. have been starting

While the physician _____ the patient, the nurse left the surgery.

a. examined b. was examining c. had examined d. had been examining

86% of women aged 27-35 _____ within a year.

a. will conceive b. will be conceiving c. are conceiving d. will have conceived

The professor made us _________ extra homework.

a. to do b. do c. to be done d. be done

Your ______ English may become a problem.

a. not knowing b. not being known c. not known d. not having been known

Do you remember ______ that wonderful lecture on neonatology?

a. attend b. to attend c. to be attended d. attending

We were listening to the professor ______ symptoms and signs of otitis media.

a. describing b. described c. being described d. to describe

Susan has been working the whole night. She _____ tired.

a. is looking b. am looking c. looks d. look

Imagine! Today, I _______ 15 patients.

a. examine b. am examining c. have examined d. have been examining

Yesterday the nephrologist _____ the diagnosis of kidney failure in this patient.

a. confirmed b. was confirming c. had confirmed d. had been confirming

Look at this girl. She’s so pale. I’m afraid she _____.

a. will faint b. is going to fail c. will have failed d. will be failing

A stethoscope is used for ________ to the heart and lungs.

a. listening b. being listened c. having listened d. having been listened

I forgot ____ temperature in this patient.

a. take b. to take c. taking d. having taken

The students observed the nurse _______ blood for analysis.

a. to take b. taking c. be taken d. being taken

Lack of sleep can _________ your immune system.

a. weaken b. to weaken c. weakening d. weakened

She ___________ to be examining patients now.

a. is claimed b. claims c. was claimed d. has been claimed

This topic should ________ again.

a. discuss b. to discuss c. be discussed d. to be discussed

Try to work without _______ a noise.

a. making b. being made c. having made d. having been made

Don’t forget ______ the functions of the ear. You may be asked about them in the exam.

a. revise b. to revise c. revising d. being revised

The physician asked them _____ for a check-up visit in a week.

a. coming b. having come c. come d. to come

‘Why is this child crying?’ ‘He has just been given an antibiotic. It ____ awful.’

a. tastes b. taste c. is tasting d. are tasting

Not enough sleep makes the number of T-cells ___________.

a. to decrease b. decrease c. decreasing d. be decreasing

John and Kate _________ to study in the same group.

a. were happened b. was happened c. happened d. happens

You are expected _______ this device all the time.

a. wear b. to wear c. be worn d. to be worn

He dislikes ______ notes of lectures.

a. taking b. being taken c. having taken d. having been taken

I’d like ________ as a nurse assistant in summer.

a. working b. work c. to work d. worked

Diabetics ______ to follow a diet strictly.

a. expect b. are expected c. expected d. is expected

Second-year students can ________ blood pressure.

a. to take b. taken c. take d. taking

A dietician ________ to teach diabetics to measure food portions.

a. is supposed b. are supposed c. supposes d. suppose

Asthma can’t _____.

a. cure b. to cure c. be cured d. to be cured

I enjoyed ____ with you for so long.

a. working b. being worked c. having worked d. having been worked

She stopped ____ to the gym after she had got back into shape.

a. go b. to go c. gone d. going

The doctor advised ______ clothes made of wool.

a. not wear b. not to wear c. not wearing d. not tp be worn

____ you _____ any troubles with you joints?

a. Do … have b. Does … have c. Is … having d. Are … having

They _____ each other since they were children.

a. know b. are knowing c. have known d. have been knowing

The patient _____ for 20 years before he gave up.

a. was smoking b. has been smoking c. is smoking d. had been smoking

Do you think you _____ in five years’ time?

a. will work b. will be working c. will have worked d. are working

Smoke can ______ asthma attacks.

a. trigger b. to trigger c. be triggered d. to be triggered

This company’s business was ______ new drugs for asthma.

a. researching b. being researched c. having researched d. having been researched

I’ll never forget _____ to Dr House.

a. talk b. to talk c. being talked d. talking

Our friends invited us ____ hiking for the weekend.

a. go b. going c. gone d. to go

I can’t speak. I _____ my English lesson.

a. am having b. have c. is having d. has

This patient _____ for 10 hours already. I think we should wake him up.

a. sleeps b. has been sleeping c. have slept d. is sleeping

The surgeon revealed that the patient ____ urinary stones two years before.

a. had had b. has had c. had been having d. had

You see, the needle is very thin. The injection ______.

a. won’t be hurting b. won’t be hurt c. won’t hurt d. won’t have hurt

Please, collect your thoughts. Try _______ this rule. It’s important.

a. understand b. understanding c. to be understood d. to understand

The GP expects his patients _____ all the necessary medications.

a. buying b. being bought c. to buy d. buy

The student promised __________ microbiology better in the second term.

a. learn b. learning c. learned d. to learn

Wounds in diabetics _______ to heal poorly.

a. are tended b. tend c. tends d. is tended

He can’t ______ his insulin shot intentionally.

a. to have missed b. have missed c. be missed d. have been missed

The patient remembers well _____ by this physician two years ago.

a. treating b. being treated c. having treated d. having been treated

Delivering the lecture, the professor stopped _____ some water.

a. drink b. drinking c. to drink d. having drunk

I would prefer ________ abroad after the graduation.

a. not to go b. not go c. not going d. not to be gone

‘Where’s my baby?’ ‘The nurse ________ it.’

a. weigh b. weighs c. am weighing d. is weighing

Your eyes are red. ____ you ____?

a. Do … cry b. Are … crying c.Have … cried d. Have … been crying

I ____ an essay before I went to bed.

a. have finished b. had finished c. was finishing d. finishes

‘Dr Huston’s writing is so illegible.’ ‘Give it to me, and I _____ it.’

a. will read b. will be reading c. will have read d. am going to read

Look! Now I ______ the patient’s pulse.

a. feel b. feels c. am feeling d. is feeling

Urologists typically ______ patients with kidney diseases and other problems of the urinary system.

a. examine b. are examining c. have examined d. have been examining

The doctor confirmed the diagnosis of gastritis after the patient _____ the results of his tests.

a. brought b. was bringing c. had brought d. had been bringing

Imagine! This time in a month I _____ flying to the Canarias.

a. will fly b. will be flying c. will have flown d. am going to fly

Oh, I ______ for you for an hour!

a. wait b. am waiting c. has waited d. have been waiting

As she was having a severe pain, her husband ____ her to A&E department.

a. took b. is taking c. had taken d. had been taking

My birthday is next week. I hope I _____ this work by then

a. will do b. am going to do c. will have done d. will be doing

Why are you so sad? What ___ you _____ about?

a. are … thinking b. are … thought c. do … think d. is … thinking

I _____ lower back pain for about three weeks.

a. am having b. have c. have been having d. has

He ____ on the sofa when he felt a sudden pain in his right side.

a. lay b. was lying c. had lain d. had been lying

‘Are you looking forward to the weekend?’ ‘I’m afraid not. This time on Sunday I _____ physics.

a. will learn b. will have learnt c. will be learning d. will have been learning

The students watched the nurse ______________ injections.

a. to giving

b. giving

c. to given

d. to be given

I hope I ____________________ my report by tomorrow.

a. will have completed

b. will complete

c. will be completing

d. will have been completing

Patients with diabetes often _________________ of dryness of skin.

a. is complaining

b. have complained

c. are complaining

d. complain

Their daughter _____________ in coma for 6 months, the parents decided to remove her feeding tube.

a. having been

b. being

c. have been

d. was

The nurse let my relatives _________ the ward.

a. to enter b. entering c. entered d. enter

Carbohydrates __________ to have the greatest impact on blood glucose level.

a. are considered b. considered c. is considered d. consider

Your daughter will ______ by the Professor on Tuesday.

a. examine b. to examine c. be examined d. to be examined

Water helps _________ toxins including germs.

a. removing b. removed c. remove d. be removed

Peter _______ to have been discharged from the hospital on Monday.

a. knows b. knew c. known d. is known

Physical exercises should _____ regularly.

a. take b. to take c. be taken d. to be taken

‘Now, don’t worry. Try deep ______.’

a. breathing b. being breathed c. having breathed d. having been breathed

Kate tried _____ awake but she just couldn’t.

a. to stay b. stay c. staying d. stayed

When he returned home he could smell something ______.

a. to burn b. burning c. to be burnt d. burnt

Your new stethoscope is really cool. How much ___ it ____?

a. is … costing b. am … costing c. does … cost d. do … cost

He ____ on holiday to Feodosia for several years.

a. goes b. is going c. has gone d. has been going

I didn’t come yesterday because I _____ for the module test in microbiology the whole day.

a. prepared b. was preparing c. had prepared d. had been preparing

Today I should see 20 patients. I hope I _____ them by 4 p.m.

a. will examine b. will be examining c. examine d. will have examined

About 30% of patients have brain surgery without _____ general anaesthetics.

a. giving b. being given c. having given d. having been given

If you have hiccups, try _____ your breath for as long as you can.

a. to hold b. hold c. being hold d. holding

Everyone heard the patient ______ the whole night.

a. coughing b. being coughed c. to cough d. to be coughed

‘What’s your weight?’ ‘I ______ 70 kilos.’

a. am weighing b. is weighing c. weighs d. weigh

I _____ a new course in biophysics next month.

a. start b. am starting c. have started d. have been starting

While the physician _____ the patient, the nurse left the surgery.

a. examined b. was examining c. had examined d. had been examining

86% of women aged 27-35 _____ within a year.

a. will conceive b. will be conceiving c. are conceiving d. will have conceived

The patient __________________ for 3 weeks before he was admitted to the hospital.

a. was coughing

b. coughed

c. had been coughing

d. coughing

Jane wants ________________ a dermatologist after graduation.

a. becoming

b. become

c.to become

d. to have become

It is very difficult __________ smoking.

a. giving up b. give up c. to give up d. given up

He ______ to be getting used to an insulin pump.

a. seem b. is seemed c. has been seemed d. seems

The lecturer let us ________ the Museum of Human Development.

a. to visit b. visit c. to be visited d. be visited

‘You saw this patient last week.’ ‘Sorry. I don’t remember ______ him.’

a. treating b. being treated c. having treated d. having been treated

I’ll never forget ______ this place.

a. visit b. to visit c. visiting d. being visited

The students saw the surgeon ______ the thoracic cavity.

a. open b. to open ??? c. be opened d. to be opened

My mother has just made an appointment. She ____ her dentist tomorrow.

a. sees b. is seeing c. see d. am seeing

The students of our group managed _______ all module tests in time.

a. to pass b. passing c. pass d. passed

Long-term complications of myocardial infarction ______ to develop gradually.

a. are tended b. tends c. tend d. is tended

He must _____ arthritis for more than 5 years.

a. have b. to have c. have had d. to have had

The woman was surprised at ______ on the second day after the labour.

a. discharging b. being discharged c. having discharged d. having been discharged

Did you remember _____ blood pressure in this patient?

a. to take b. take c. taking d. being taken

The consultant allowed the child _____ tomorrow.

a. being discharged b. discharging c. be discharged d. to be discharged

I _____ rash all over the patient’s skin.

a. am seeing b. is seeing c. see d. sees

I am so tired. I _____ patients since morning.

a. examine b. is examining c. have examined d. have been examining

While the nurse _____ a vaccine to the little boy, the paediatrician was talking to his parents.

a. gave b. was giving c. had given d. had been giving

I hope I ______ my own clinic by the time I’m forty.

a. will have b. will have had ???? c. will be having d. has

____ you _____ any illnesses recently, a cold or a flu?

a. Do … have b. Are … having c. Have … been having d. Have … had

What ____ you ____ the whole evening yesterday? I wanted to talk to you.

a. did … do b. were … doing c. had … done d. had … been doing

By the end of the month, she _____ her project.

a. will finish b. will be finishing c. will have finished d. is finishing

Bill would hate anyone _____________________ about his problems.

a. to know

b. knowing

c. know

d. to be known

My parents never made me _______________ what I hated.

a. to do

b. doing

c. have done

d. do

I am not sure where he was yesterday. He might _______________ his granny in hospital.

a. visit

b. have visited

c. be visiting

d. have been visited

Diabetic patients ____________ to develop ulcers on skin.

a. know

b. are known

c. is known

d. have known

You should laugh more _______ resistance to disease.

a. improving b. to improve c. improve d. being improved

She ___________ to have stopped smoking last year.

a. is appeared b. appear c. appears d. has been appeared

The patient can’t _______ on the following day after the operation.

a. discharged b. discharge c. have discharged d. have been discharged