- •Superior orbital fissure, communication, content.
- •Name the types of the joints (according to the classification) between the bones of cranial vault.
- •Radiocarpal joint, shape, biomechanics
- •What type of joint by structure is hip joint?
- •Enumerate the continuous type of joints (synathrosis)
- •It has two articular surfaces:
- •15. Enumerate the muscle of thenar.
- •16. Functions of muscles of the lateral group of the leg.
- •17. Classification of muscles of thigh and its function.
- •11. Function of the tricep brachii.
- •13. Muscles of neck, classification.
- •14. Function of anterior muscle of leg
- •18. Enumerate the peculiarities of structure of topography of muscle of facial expression.
- •19. Coats of eye ball.
- •20. The inner core of the eyeball.
- •Photoreceptors
- •Blind Spot:The point in the Retina where the optic nerve exits the eye. There are no photoreceptors which makes this Blind Spot insensitive to light.
- •21. Functions of the iris and the structure providing them.
- •23. Topography of the subcortical and the cortical center of the visual analyser.
- •24. Middle ear structure and the function.
- •25. The part of the osseous labyrinth, function
- •26. Membranous labyrinth structure and function.
- •31. Red nuclei and the black substance, topography and the function.
- •32. Enumerates the lobes of the brain and the sulci separating them
- •33. Name the element of structure of the ventral part of the medulla.
- •34. Topography of the vegetative nuclei of the rhomboid fossa.
- •35. Topography of the brain ventricle.
- •36. Innervation of the extrinsic muscle of eye ball.
- •37. Structure of wall of fourth ventricle.
- •38. Topography of corpus callosum, fornix, anterior commissure of the brain.
- •39. Meninges of brain, peculiarities of the structure.
- •40. Part of the Rhomboid Fossa:
- •41. Classification of cranial nerve by the function and the source of development.
- •42. Topography of spinal cord and the meninges.
- •43. Sources of formation of cervical plexus and its branches.
- •44. Vagus nerve, parts, zone of innervation
- •45. Enumerate the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus, zone of innervation.
- •46. Nuclei and branches of trigeminal nerve.
- •47. Formation of the spinal nerves.
- •48. Blood supplying of the muscles of facial expression.
- •49. Topography of the subclavian artery, branches of the first part.
- •50. Internal jugular vein, sources of formation and its branches.
- •51. Blood supplies of the brain.
- •52. External carotid artery, topography branches of the anterior group.
- •53. Enumerate the branch of the interior group of the carotid artery and the zone of blood supplying.
- •58. Oral cavity, division into parts, blood supplying.
- •59. Division of the pharynx and function.
- •60. Enumerate the communication of the middle nasal meatus
11. Function of the tricep brachii.
Ans: The tricep brrachii is the extensor muscles of the elbow joint. It can be also fixate the elbow joint when the forarm and the hand are used for fine movements.
Functions:
Extension of forarm at the elbow joint
Long head helps in bringing back the abducted or extended arm to the side of the body
12. Topography of the lateral group of the abdominal wall, their functions.
Ans: There are three muscles in the abdominal wall
Abdominal external oblique muscle : The external oblique functions to pull the chest downwards and compress the abdominal cavity, which increases the intra-abdominal pressure
Abdominal internal oblique muscle: The internal oblique performs two major functions. Firstly as an accessory muscle of respiration, it acts as an opponent to the diaphragm, helping to reduce the volume of the chest cavity during exhalation.
Secondly, its contraction rotates and side-bends the trunk by pulling the rib cage and midline towards the hip and lower back, of the same side
Transversus abdominis muscle: The transverse abdominal helps to compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability.
13. Muscles of neck, classification.
Ans: Muscles of neck can be classified into following;
The suboccipital muscle:
Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Oblique capitis inferior
Oblique capitis superior
Supra hyoid muscles: Stylohyoid, digastricus, hylohyoid, geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles: Omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid
Scalene muscle: Anterior, middle, Posterior scalene.
14. Function of anterior muscle of leg
Ans: Muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg;
Tibialis anterior: dorsiflexion and the inversion of foot.
Extensor hallucis longus: Extend phalanges of the great toe.
Extensor digitorium longus: extension and the dorsiflexion of foot.
Extensor dorgitorum longu brevis: extension of the proximal phalanges of great toe.
Peroneus tertius: Dorsiflexion and the eversion of foot.
15. Enumerate the muscle of thenar.
Ans: Muscles of the thenar components are:
Abductor pollicis brevis: Abduction of thumb at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint.
Flexor policies brevis: Flexion of thumb.
Opponens pollicis: Flexion and the medial rotation of thumb.
16. Functions of muscles of the lateral group of the leg.
Ans: Functions of the lateral compartment of leg
Peroneus longus (fibularis longus): Eversion of foot, maintaining arches of foot.
Peroneus brevis (fibularis bervies): Eversion of foot and the steadies the leg on the foot.
17. Classification of muscles of thigh and its function.
Ans: The thigh is divided into anterior, medial and the posterior compartments.
Anterior compartment of thigh: it act as the extensor hip and the flexor of knee
Psoas major, minor
Iliacus
Tensor fasciae
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Articularis genu
Medial compartment of thigh: It is the adductor muscles:
The gracilis
The pectineus
The adductor longus
The adductor brevis
The adductor magnus
The posterior muscle of thigh; they are common to all hamstring muscle,it act as the flexion of leg at the knee.
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Bicep femoris