"Genetics, environment, antibiotics, sterilization, disinfection, aseptic, antiseptic" (more than 1 answer)
#238
*!STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL CELLS, WHICH ARE LOCATED IN THE HEREDITARY INFORMATION
*cytoplasmic membrane
*mitochondria
*mesosoma
*plasmid+++
*nucleoid+++
*capsule
#239
*!TYPES OF MUTATIONS THROUGHOUT
*neutral
*spontaneous
*reversible
*precinct++
*lethal
*point+++
#240
*!FACTORS THAT ARISE COULD CAUSE MUTATIONS
*visible part of the light spectrum
*ultra-violet rays+++
*X-rays+++
*serum
*vitamins
*enzymes
#241
*!TYPES OF GENETIC RECOMBINATION
*transformation++++
*modification
*transduction+++
*conjugation+++
*transversion
*duplication
*mutation
*deletion
#242
*!TYPES OF MUTATIONS ON ORIGIN
*induced++
*spontaneous+++
*neutral
*lethal
*true
*inverse
#243
*! ANTIBIOTICS ON THE SPECTRUM OF ACTION *narrow+++ *bactericidal *fungal *broad+++ *synthetic *bacteriostatic
#244
*!METHODS FOR DETERMINING SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS MICROBES
*antigen titration *titration according to Grazia *serum titration *serial dilutions+++ *disco-diffusion++++ *titration by Appelman
#245
*! ANTIBIOTICS CAN ACT ON *protozoa *mushrooms *viruses *Gram (+) bacteria++ *prions *Gram (-) bacteria+++
#246
*!ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS
*acting through the glass
*stimulates the growth of bacteria
*are mutagenic factor+++
*possess pathogenic properties
*have a bactericidal effect++++
*used for the disinfection of food
#247
*!MECHANISM OF TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION
*transformation+++
*modification
*transduction+++
*conjugation++++
*transversion
*duplication
*elongation
*inversion
#248
*!CENTRAL ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
*spleen
*hepatocytes
*bone marrow
*lymphoid nodes++++
*thymus+++
*kupffer cells
#249
*!STRUCTURE, ENCODED BY THE GENETIC INFORMATION *cell wall *amino acids *deoxyribose *mitochondria *nucleoid+++ *plasmids+++
#250
*!TYPES OF TRANSDUCTION *immunological *cell wall *biological *specific+++ *fragmentary *nonspecific+++
#251
*! CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
*deletion+++ *inversion++++ *conjugation *transduction *proliferation *transformation
#252
*! MUTATIONS CHARACTERIZE *matrix variability+++ *changes in many cells *phenotypic variability+++ *point changes in DNA *local changes in DNA *the transfer of genetic material upon contact
#253
*! BY THE ORIGIN OF MUTATIONS ARE DIVIDED INTO *induced+++ *suppressor *spontaneous+++ *true *reverse *false
#254
*!THE MAIN REPRESENTATIVES OF LARGE INTESTINEIN NORM
*clostridium perfringens+++
*clostridium botulinum
*pathogenic bacilli
*E. Coli+++++
*bifidobacteria++++
*actinomycetes
*gardnerelly
*listeria
#255
*!USEFUL FUNCTIONS OF NORMAL HUMAN MICROFLORA
*synthesis of blood cells
*formation of plasmid genes
*infectious agent
*mutagenic activity
*digestive+++
*sensitization
*synthesis of vitamins+++ *antagonistic++++
"Infection, Immunity" * 1 * 60 * 6 *
256
!Infectology - this teaching
about diseases
*an infection+++
*of immunity
*an infectious doses
*of infectious disease periods
257
!Autoinfection is a kind of infection
*acute
*focal
*exogenous
*endogenous+++
*generalized
#258
*!Infection means
*adhesion
*aggression
*adsorption
*infestation++++
*chemotaxis
#259
*!The most commonly used unit of virulence
*АЕ
*Dсl
*КОЕ
*Dlm
*LD50+++
#260
*!The form of infection by origin and dissemination
*fungal
*exogenous+++
*mixed
*monoinfection
*bacterial
#261
*!Exogenous infection is caused by microorganisms
*opportunistic
*nonpathogenic
*pathogenic++
*saprophytes
*sapronoses
#262
*!Endogenous infection is caused by microorganisms
*opportunistic+++
*nonpathogenic
*pathogenic
*rickettsial
*chlamydia
#263
*!Microorganisms that spread through the body by hematogenous cause
*sepsis
*bacteremia+++
*septicopyemia
*focal infection
*toxic - septic shock
#264
*!Test method for determining the dosage of virulence, highlight of a pure culture and playback clinical picture
*allergic
*biology+++
*serological
*bacteriological
*bacterioscopic
#265
*! Number of periods of the infectious process
*one
*two
*three
*four+++
*five
#266
*!Maximum lethal dose of virulence
*Ig
*ME
*LD50
*Dlm
*Dcl++++
#267
*!The most striking signs of the disease are observed during the period
*height++++
*prodromal
*incubation
*reconvalescence
*bacteria carrier
#268
*!The stage of development of the infectious process, depicted in the figure
*invasions
*adhesion++++
*aggression enzymes
*capsule formation
*toxins formation
#269
*!The minimum dose of virulence
*ИЕ
*АE
*Dlm+++
*Dcl
*LD50
#270
*!Pathogenicity - a characteristic
*genus
*type+++
*strain
*kingdom
*family
#271
*!Virulence - a characteristic
*genus
*type
*kingdom
*strain++++
*family
#272
*!Infectivity of viruses associated with
*capsule
*nucleoid++
*endotoxin
*exotoxin
*nucleocapsid
#273
*!Mucolytic enzyme is a protein nature
*phage
*lysozyme+++
*phagocyte
*complement
*immunoglobulin
#274
*!A complex of proteins in blood
*NK cells
*lysozyme
*interferon
*complement++++
*lymphocytes
#275
*!The percentage of active leukocytes to the total number of counted leukocytes - is
*opsono - phagocytic index
*phagocytic index+++
*phagocytic number
*index CGB
*coli-index
#276
*!The ratio of the number of phagocytic immune serum to normal serum phagocytic number – it
*coli index
*index CGB
*phagocytic number
*phagocytic index
*opsono - phagocytic index+++
#277
*!Reaginy is
*Ig M
*Ig A
*IgE+++
*IgD
*sIgA
#278
*!Specific factors of body protection
*antigens
*antibody+++
*phagocytes
*complement
*endotoxins
#279
*! To evaluate the humoral nonspecific resistance of the organism is determined
*phagocytic index
*skin bactericidal
*titer of lysozyme in saliva+++
*plasmacells
*leukocyte
#280
*!Structure providing protection of a bacterial cell from phagocytes
*fibrinolizin
*flagella
*capsule+++
*spores
*pili
#281
*!A substance used to create an antitoxic immunity
*antitoxic serum
*immunoglobulin
*killed vaccine
*anatoxin+++
*toxin
#282
*!Function of phagocyte
*colony forming
*transforming
*opsonizing
*conjugation
*protective+++
#283
*!The antibodies are able to penetrate the placenta to the fetus
*Ig A
*Ig M
*Ig G+++
*Ig E
*IgD
#284
*! In the body of the fetus are synthesized first immunoglobulin class
*A
*М+++
*D
*G
*E
#285
*!Lysozyme titer determined in
*saliva+++
*blood
*leukocytes
*erythrocytes
*platelets
#286
*!Flagellar antigen
*О
*K
*Vi
*M
*H+++
#287
*!The antigen virulence
*О
*H
*K
*M
*Vi++
#288
*!Somatic antigen
*О+++
*H
*K
*Vi
*M
#289
*!Capsular antigen
*О
*H
*K+++
*Vi
*M
#290
*!The mechanism of the agglutination reaction is
*lysis of bacteria
*illumination of bacteria
*antigen deposition
*gluing bacteria++
*complement fixation
#291
*!Species-specific antigens
*full
*incomplete
*isoantigens++
*hetero antigens
*cross-reactive
#292
*!The antigens encoding genes group on chromosome 6
*full
*isoantigens
*hetero antigens
*cross-reactive
*major histocompatibility complex+++
#293
*!Antigens having structures similar to host antigens
*full
*incomplete
*isoantigens
*hetero antigens
*cross-reactive+++
#294
*!Immunoglobulins which are formed first in response to the introduction of a foreign agent
*Ig G
*Ig A
*Ig E
*IgD
*IgM+++
#295
*!The composition of the antibodies
*albumin
*glycoproteins+++
*nucleoproteins
*gamma globulins
*lipopolysaccharide
#296
*!Immunoglobulins, providing local immunity
*IgM
*IgA++++
*Ig E
*Ig D
*sIgA
#297
*!The name of the precipitation reaction in the gel
*Koons
*Wright
*Ascoli
*Coombs
*Ouchterlony+++
#298
*!Antigen, for the detection of which a thermo precipitation reaction is used *plague *cholerae *tularemia *anthrax+++ *typhoid fever
#299
*!The name of the thermo precipitation reaction
*Wright
*Vidal
*Ascoli+++
*Ouchterlony
*Heddlson
#300
*!The complete sequence of the reaction steps shown in the figure
*annealing, elongation
*denaturation, annealing
*denaturation, annealing, elongation+++ *lysis of the immune complex, annealing *formation of the immune complex, denaturation
#301
*!Autoimmune diseases arise as a result of violations
*appetite
*microbiota
*genetic incompatibility
*immunological reactivity
*immunological tolerance+++
#302
*!Serological reaction- is a reaction between
*incomplete antibodies
*antibodies and antigens+++
*full antigens
*monoclonal antibodies
*polyclonal antibodies
#303
*!The thermo precipitation reaction is based on: *phenomenon of "pearl necklace" *phenomenon of "capsule swelling" *O-AG thermolability *thermal stability of O-AG++++ *definition of Vi-AG
#304
*!Substances constituting the indicator system in the complement fixation reaction *complement + hemolysin *erythrocytes of ram + hemolysin++++ *serum of the subject + antigen *specific antigen + physiological solution *serum of the subject + physiological solution
#305
*!The reaction used to determine incomplete antibodies
*Koons *Ascoli *Ouchterlony *Coombs+++ *Vidal
#306
*!The type of serological reaction indicated in the figure
*ELISA *PCR *PR
*AR+++ *IHAR
#307
*!II-step PCR
*annealing+++
*elongation
*denaturation
*finish building
*amplification
#308
*!The vaccine included in the National Vaccination Schedule of the Republic of Kazakhstan and applied orally
*BCG *Hib *DTP *HBV *OPV++
#309
*!Vaccine used for the prevention of tuberculosis
* HBV
* OPV
* KKP
* HiB
* BCG+++
#310
*!НіВ- vaccination is carried out for prophylaxis
*rubella
*diphtheria
*hepatitis A
*hepatitis B
*haemophilus infection++++
#311
*!On the third day of life, the child is vaccinated against
*pertussis
*diphtheria
*tetanus
*tuberculosis
*polio+++
#312
*!In the 3 months children are vaccinated against
*measles
*rubella
*hepatitis B
*tuberculosis
*polio+++
#313
*!The advantage of live vaccines
*high reactivity
*lifelong immunity
*the relative ease of obtaining
*high strength immunity+++
*immunity is formed immediately after the introduction
#314
*!A vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B
*live
*toxoid
*transgenic
*recombinant+++
*inactivated
#315
*!The most severe manifestation of allergy
*hives
*dysbiosis
*toxic reactions
*serum sickness
*anaphylactic shock+++
316
!Sepsis of the blood is characterized by
*the presence of toxins
*availability toxoids
*the presence of purulent foci
*microorganisms arrival
*reproduction of microorganisms+++
317
!The form of the infection, which is characterized by the persistence of the pathogen
*chronic+++
*acute
*subacute
*manifest
*generalized
#318
*!Microorganisms that always cause an infectious disease
*pathogenic+++
*nonpathogenic
*lactobacillus
*bifidobacteria
*opportunistic
#319
*!The form of the infectious process, in which the pathogen is in the body for a long time, without manifesting pathogenic properties and without escaping into the environment *latent+++ *slow *acute *bacteriocarrier *relapse
#320
*!Form of infection by localization of the pathogen in the host
*acute
*protozoal
*total+++
*manifest
*bacterial
#321
*!The form of the infection for the duration of the interaction of the pathogen with the microorganism
*acute+++
*relapse *endogenous *exogenous *autoinfection
#322
*!Form of infection by the manifestation of clinical symptoms
*acute
*exogenous
*chronic
*manifest+++
*monoinfection
#323
*!The form of infection by source of infection
*acute
*zoonotic+++
*asymptomatic
*bacteriocarrier
*toxic and septic shock
#324
*!Anthroponoses - is a form of infection
*manifestation
*localization
*origin
*infection source++++
*the nature of the causative agent
#325
*!The young man was ill with the flu, which was joined by an enterovirus infection. Name the form of infection
*relapse
*reinfection
*monoinfection
*superinfection
*secondary infection+++
#326
*!Young man after a previous infection re-infected with the same pathogen. What form of infection
*relapse
*reinfection+++
*monoinfection
*superinfection
*secondary infection
#327
*!The form of infection that occurs in the case of infection of macroorganism by the same pathogen before its recovery
*reinfection
*manifest
*superinfection+++
*secondary infection
*mixed infection
#328
*!Massive flow in blood of the bacteria and their toxins
*sepsis
*bacteraemia
*pyosepticemia
*toxic - septic shock+++
*generalized infection
#329
*!The ability of microorganisms to attach to organs and tissues of the host
*invasion
*adhesion+++++
*aggression
*penetration
*colonization
#330
*!The ability of bacteria to multiply on the surface of epithelial cells
*invasion
*adhesion
*aggression
*penetration
*colonization+++
#331
*!Pathogens of toxic infections
*shigella
*yersinia
*salmonella
*pertussis coli
*clostridia+++
#332
*!By the development of infectious - toxic shock cause
*endotoxins++++
*exotoxins
*toxoids
*enterotoxins *neurotoxins
#333
*!Trigger mechanism the infection process
*adhesion++++
*aggression
*invasion
*penetration
*colonization
#334
*!The incubation period occurs
*colonization
*adhesion++++
*aggression
*intensive breeding
*termination of reproduction
#335
*!The prodromal period occurs
*adhesion
*aggression
*colonization++++
*intensive breeding
*termination of reproduction
#336
*!The process that takes place in the body during the height of the disease
*adhesion
*phagocytosis
*colonization
*intensive reproduction of bacteria+++
*termination of bacterial multiplication
#337
*!The reaction used to detect the toxigenicity of the causative agent of diphtheria
* indicative of agglutination
* expanded agglutination
* precipitation in the gel++++
* ring precipitation
*flocculation
#338
*!Nonspecific factor of body protection
*skin++++
*antibody
*antigens
*opsonins
*immunoglobulins
#339
*!Antagonistic action on various types of microorganisms renders
*skin
*lysozyme
*complement
*mucosa
*normal microflora++++
#340
*!The stage of phagocytosis, at which the process of digesting a foreign agent occurs
*the first stage of chemotaxis
*the second stage of adhesion
*the third stage of penetration
*fourth phagosome formation stage
*fifth step of forming phagolysosome+++
#341
*!Artificial active immunity
*post-serum
*post-infectious
*humoral
*post-vaccination+++
*placental
#342
*!Artificial passive immunity
* post-serum+++
* post-infectious
* post-vaccination
* placental
* humoral
#343
*!Natural active immunity
*post-serum
*post-infectious+++
*post-vaccination
*placental
*humoral
#344
*!Natural passive immunity
*post-serum
*post-infectious
*post-vaccination
*placental+++
*humoral
#345
*!Immunity, which is formed after the introduction of vaccines
*artificial passive immunity
*active artificial immunity+++
*active natural immunity
*natural passive immunity
*innate
#346
*!Immunity, which is formed after the introduction of serum
*artificial passive immunity+++
*active artificial immunity
*active natural immunity
*natural passive immunity
*innate
#347
*!Immunity, which is formed after infectious diseases
*artificial passive immunity
*active artificial immunity
*active natural immunity+++
*natural passive immunity
*innate
#348
*!The initiating factor of the classical pathway of complement fixation
*properdin
*complex of AG+AB+++
*LPS of cell wall
*proteinase
*lysozyme
#349
*!The cytotoxic effect of cellular immune reactions carried
*microphages
*macrophages
*T-helper cells
*T-killers+++
*B-lymphocytes
#350
*!The structure of a bacterial cell that provides flocculent sediment in the agglutination reaction
*soma
*pili
*spores
*capsule
*flagella+++
#351
*!The structure of the bacterial cell, providing a fine-grained precipitate in the agglutination reaction
*pili
*soma+++
*spores
*flagella
*capsule
#352
*!The doctor bacteriologist must define incomplete antibodies in pregnant Rh-negative women are Rh-positive fetus
What kind of reaction must be selected in order to achieve this goal
*Right
*Koons
*Ascoli
*Vidal
*Coombs+++
#353
*!The visual effect of the reaction thermal precipitation
*"umbrella"
*"ring"+++
*"buttons"
*"mustaches"
*flocculated sediment
#354
*!Study material for serodiagnosis of infectious disease
*diagnosticum
*the patient serum+++
*physiological solution
*agglutinating serum
*culture, isolated from the studied
#355
*!For seroidentification in agglutination tests use
*diagnosticum
*paired serum
*physological solution
*precipitating serum+++
*culture, selected by the examinee
#356
*!The reaction of immunodiffusion is a kind of reaction
*agglutination
*precipitation+++
*neutralization
*opsonophagocytic
*complement fixation
#357
*!Serological reaction, for which is usedthe immunofluorescence microscope
*PCR
*ELISA
*Complement fixation test
*Immunofluorescence reaction++++
*IHAR
#358
*!Secretory immunoglobulin are
*IgM
*IgA+++
*IgE
*IgD
*SIgA
#359
*!Reaction immobilization of bacteria is used to determine
*phage lysis
*phagocytosis
*morphology
*mobility+++
*phage typing
#360
*!Cells involved in the recognition of antigens "their own-alien"
*microphages
*N-killers
*macrophages
*B lymphocytes++++
*mast cells
#361
*!The indirect hemagglutination reaction is performed with pair serum to determine the rise of the titer
*toxin
*antibody++++
*toxoid
*hemolysin
*antitoxin
#362
*!Positive immunofluorescence reaction in bacterial infections - a
*complete hemolysis
*the phenomenon of agglutination
*the phenomenon of precipitation
*formation of a chromogenic product
*the identification of luminous microorganisms++++
#363
*!Serological reaction in which the enzyme is involved
*agglutination reaction
*precipitation reaction
*complement fixation test++++
*immunofluorescence reaction
*linked immunosorbent assay
#364
*!Serological reaction in which the isotope is tagged
*complement fixation test
*immunofluorescence reaction
*linked immunosorbent assay
*radioimmunoassay++++
*indirect hemagglutination reaction
#365
*!Fluorochromes coloring agent is labeled in the serological reaction
*linked immunosorbent assay
*radioimmunoassay
*immunofluorescence reaction++++
*gel precipitation reaction
*coagglutination test
#366
*! The reaction shown in the figure
*Complement fixation test
*PCR
*linked immunosorbent assay
*immunofluorescence reaction ++++
*indirect hemagglutination reaction
#367
*!The reaction used for the rapid diagnosis of an infectious disease
*PCR
*complement fixation test
*linked immunosorbent assay
*indirect hemagglutination reaction
*immunofluorescence reaction++++
#368
*!Complement fixation test is based on the activation
*antibody
*antigen
*hemolysin
*erythrocytes
*complement++++
#369
*!The purpose of сomplement fixation reaction when study the serum
*evaluation of the immune status
*evaluation of the blood group
*seroidentification of microorganisms
*serodiagnosis of infectious diseases++++
*serodiagnosis of innate immunodeficiency
#370
*!The flocculation reaction- is a kind of reaction
*precipitation++++ *agglutination *immunofluorescence *complement fixation *toxin neutralization with antitoxin
#371
*!To determine the parent antibody, used reaction
*Right
*Koons
*Ascoli
*Coombs++++
*Ouchterlony
#372
*!Components of the immune lysis reaction *antigen + antibodies *specific antibodies + complement *anitigen + complement *red blood cells + hemolytic serum++++
*hemolytic serum + complement
#373
*!Erythrocytes, as sorbents, are used in the reaction
*complement fixation test
*linked immunosorbent assay
*immunofluorescence reaction +++
*direct haemagglutination reaction
*PCR
#374
*!PCR
*biological method
*immunoelectrophoresis
*serological reaction++++
*immunological method
*molecular biological method
#375
*!Immunodeficiency states can be
*temporary
*natural
*artificial
*drugs
*acquired++++