II. Parenthetical words int the works of English, Kazakh and Russian writers.

2.1Analysis of usage of parenthetical words in the works of English writers

For the analysis of parenthetical words we have chosen the novel of William Boyd «Haunting»[5].

To begin with, I don’t have enough money to take a trip to Europe this summer.(accent).

To be more precise they are not husband and wife. (emphasis)

«Frankly speaking,» said John, «I think you’re out of your mind!» (emphasis)

As far as I know they are not his real parents. (purpose)

To make matters worse, our main scorer had broken an ankle. (example)

To be quite frank, I’m not certain she’s the one for the job. (emphasis)

It goes without saying that you are to wear formal clothing to the White House dinner. (accent)

Karen wants them to get married and buy a house and Mike wants them to carry on as they are and that, to put it in a nutshell, is the problem. (summary) Anyway, to cut a long story short, we left at midnight and James left somewhat later. (result)

When they had an accident, they were upset to say the least. (emphasis, result)

I just love my little poodle. She’s my baby, so to speak. (accent)

The area is not very wealthy, to put it mildly — actually, it’s pretty poor. (emphasis.)

He told me not to do it. However, I did it. (result)

There was a man behind her. Moreover he was observing her strangely. (effect, result)

Straange as it may seem, I still hope for the best. (conseqence)

To tell the truth, I was a little afraid when I first saw you. (emphasis)

They’re still married, strictly speaking, but they’ve been living apart for years. (accent)

To sum it up, Eleanor has promised to revise the designs, and Bernard will finalize the text. (result)

I like your dress by the way. Where did you get it? (emphasis)

He has an appointment on Tuesday. In other words, I don’t think he will be attending your meeting. (contrast)

The cell phone is thin and light and therefore very convenient to carry around. (consequence)

Her date was a bit of a slob, but she had fun nevertheless. (emphasis, contrast)

By and large, the play was a success. (result)

All in all, the criticism seemed fair. (accent , result)

They basically do what they are supposed to. (emphasis, matter)

I guess I’ll go now. (doubt)

I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel. (suggestion)

I suppose it will rain today. (supposing)

That’s the new assistant, I presume. (supposing)

I reckon she is angry at me for leaving her alone. (supposal)

It seems to me that they are conspiring against us. (doubt)

In my opinion this matter is not as bad as it may seem. (sourse of information)

As I see it, he has done nothing wrong but helped his family. (opinion)

I believe he is innocent. (opinion)

To my way of thinking, his speech was not very convincing. (sourse of information)

The way I see things is that they have committed a crime and have to be punished. (opinion).

I don't want to go there. But, anyway, I'll go with you. (addition).

Honestly, I liked the way you said that. (emphasis).

I don't actually know what to say about it. (accent)

Probably, I was wrong. (doubt).

Obviously, he's lying.(opinion)

They are apparently in the relationship. (doubt)

It's practically the same. (comparison).

Jim was, so to speak, more dead than alive from fatigue. (emphasis)

  By the way, what do you think of John William? (sourse of information)

To begin with, I do not know him well enough. (emphasis)

To tell the truth, he seems to be clever and hardworking. And what is your opinion of him? (conclusion)

Strictly speaking, Bob is not as clever as he looks. (emphasis, opinion)

To put it mildly, he is a bit lazy and absent-minded, so to speak. (emphasis, emotional).

Strange as it may seem, a lot of people like him. (consequence)

Yes, as far as I know he is quite popular, especially with women. (opinion, accent)

The way I see things is that they have committed a crime and have to be punished. (emphasis, opinion).

To be quite frank, I’m not certain she’s the one for this. (accent).

He told me not to do it. However, I did it. (emphasis, consequence).

With all due respect, I dare say that I cannot agree with you. (emphasis, excuce).

In my opinion, he is mad (sourse of information)

In this novel we have found more than forty sentrences with parenthetical words. As can we see after our research that almost all words are in the begining of the sentence and express different emotional feelings, source of information, the degree of reliability of the reported.

In any language, there are such expressions as parenthetical words and phrases that give more expressive speech, emphasize the idea that the speaker wants to convey to the interlocutor, and English is no exception. Parenthetical words are more common in English. Of course, we can do without them, just said will sound uncomplicated.

On the basis of this work, we can draw the following conclusions:

Firstly we determined that the parenthetical words make a basic sentence for more information, updates, clarifications, corrections, etc. Parenthetical words have a number of characteristics: they are syntactically not related to the basic sentence, within a sentence intonation they are isolated by comma.

Second, parenthetical words in the text in most cases decorated with commas;

Parenthetical structure on the one hand are extended in speech and on the other are widely used in the English literature. The values inherent to the parenthetical words and phrases can be expressed full sentences which retain intonation features of parenthetical structutre.

Attitude of the speaker to the content of the statements, assessment, additional emotional and expressive shades of meaning are expressed not only by single words but also by whole parenthetical phrases.

In general, the term "Parenthetical words" may be used to indicate any element of the sentence that is not fully integrated into the structure. These elements tend to appear at the beginning or end of the structure and ring-fenced from the rest of sentence or comma in writing, or pause in spoken form.