- •Explanation
- •Modern Usage
- •Developments & Problems
- •Summary
- •1. Brainstorm bonanza
- •2. Problem-solving as a group
- •3. Clue me in
- •4. Survivor scenarios
- •5. Moral dilemma
- •Communicative Language Teaching
- •Explanation
- •Misconceptions
- •Using the Method
- •Summary
- •Four sound reasons to teach grammar with games
- •Children are more motivated to learn grammar with games
- •What kinds of games work best?
- •Comparative adjectives
- •Examples
- •Superlative adjectives
- •Examples
- •Forming regular comparatives and superlatives
- •One syllable adjectives
- •Two syllables
- •Three or more syllables
- •Irregular comparatives and superlatives
- •Advantages of role playing
- •Steps and tips for using role playing
- •1. Syntax. The definition of the phrase. Types of phrases and ways of expressing syntactic relations
- •2. The Direct Method
- •3.The Information gap technique
- •Homonymy: definition and classification
- •The Natural Approach
- •1. Simple sentence. Types of sentences according to their structure. Communicative types of sentence
- •2.Communicative competence and its elements
- •3. The Concept of Polylingual Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan
- •Composite sentences. Types of composite sentences according to their structure
- •The Silent Way
- •Backward Build-up. Expansion Drill
- •The Suggestopedia method
- •3. The Repetition Drill
- •General Notes on Styles. Styles of the English Language
- •3.Chain Drill
- •2. The Community Language Learning
- •1. Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •2. The Content and Language Integrated Learning
- •2.Strategies-based instruction
- •1.Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
- •2. "Total immersion technique"
- •3.Drama Techniques for Teaching English
- •1. The influence of the Latin and French languages upon English
- •2. Give the background of silent way method
- •Конец формы
- •General Notion and Peculiarities of the English Phonetics. Connection with other sciences
- •2. English for Specific Purposes teaching
- •3. Intensive and extensive reading in flt
- •Intonation of declarative type of sentences
- •Intonation of interrogative type of sentences.
- •Intonation of imperative type of sentences:
- •17Билет
- •18Билет
- •Listening Carefully
- •Pronouncing the Word
- •Methods of Grasping the Meaning
- •19Билет
- •20Билет
- •1) Phonetic stylistic devices
- •II phonetics of sequences
- •1.Alliteration
- •2. Onomatopoeia
- •3. Assonance
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching speaking
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching listening
- •Using Authentic Materials and Situations. Authentic materials and situations prepare students for the types of listening they will need to do when using the language outside the classroom.
- •3. Blended learning activities
- •1. The Old and Middle English written records
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching writing
- •3. Project activities
- •1. The phonetic system of Old, Middle and Modern English
- •2. Effective Methodologies of teaching reading
- •Integrating Reading Strategies
- •Using Authentic Materials and Approaches
- •3. Using computer/internet games for young learners
- •1. The laws of Carl Verner and Jacob Grimm
- •2. Reflective teaching
- •3. Brainstorming technique
- •Using the Technique
Конец формы
15-bilet
General Notion and Peculiarities of the English Phonetics. Connection with other sciences
Nowadays Phonetics is defined as an independent branch of Linguistics which studies the sound matter of the language, its semantic functions and the lines of its development. Phonetics began to be developed as a science in the 19th century. The factors that stimulated its development were as follows:
• a more thorough acquaintance with the functioning of the human speaking apparatus;
• investigations of many linguists who studied languages that had not alphabets;
• compiling alphabets for such languages. The objects, aims and value of Phonetics are defined on the basis of scientific conception of language based on the thesis that being the most important medium of human intercourse, language is at the same time directly and inseparably connected with thought. This connection manifests itself not only in the generally recognized fact that thoughts can be expressed in actual speech only by means of words organized into sentences pronounced with the proper intonation but also in the less obvious fact that thoughts can originate and be formulated in the human mind also only on the basis of words and sentences. It is clear that language can only exist in the material form of speech sound, though the sounds of speech do not constitute a separate independent element of language. Speech sounds are vibrating particles of air or sound waves or still in other words – a variety of matter moving in space and time. Speech sounds are produced by human organs of speech. Every speech sound is a complex of definite finely coordinated and differentiated movements and positions of various speech organs. They can be considered from the physiological phenomenon having its articulating and auditory aspects. Accordingly to it Phonetics is subdivided into three principal parts: the branch of Phonetics concerned with the study, description and classification of speech sounds as regards their reduction by the human speaking apparatus is called Articulatory Phonetics. Its oldest and simplest method of investigation is the method of direct observation (visual and auditory). This method is subjective. The objective methods require the use of various apparatus and devices such as the artificial palate, photography, X-ray photography, X-ray cinematography, laryngoscopy etc. The branch of Phonetics which is concerned with the study of the acoustic aspect is called Acoustic Phonetics. It uses kymograph (records, qualitative variations of sounds), a spectrograph (shows frequencies of a given sound and its amplitudes), auscilograph (records sound vibrations) and intonograph (investigates the fundamental frequency of speech as the component of intonation). The branch of Phonetics which studies the units serving people for communicative purposes is called Phonology. Besides we have Special Phonetics or Descriptive Phonetics, General Phonetics, Historical Phonetics, Comparative Phonetics. All the branches of Phonetics are closely connected with each other as well as with some other branches of Linguistics such as Lexicology, Grammar, and Stylistics. The connection of Phonetics with Lexicology lies in the fact that distinction of words is realized by the variety of their appearances. The phonetic course of a given language determines the sound composition of words. For example Turkish languages do not admit two or more consonants at the beginning of words while in some Slavonic languages such a phenomenon is widely spread (вкрасти, спритний). Sound interchange is a very vivid manifestation of a close connection of Phonetics with Morphology. It can be observed in the category of number (man – men; goose – geese; foot – feet). Sound interchange also helps to distinguish basic forms of irregular verbs (sing-sangsung), adjectives and nouns (strong-strength), verbs and nouns (to extend-extent). Phonetics is closely connected with Syntax. Any partition of a sentence is realized with the help of pauses, sentence stresses, melody. Changes in pausation can alter the meaning of an utterance. For example: One of the travelers / said Mr. Parker / was likeable (direct speech). If the pause is after “said”, then we have another meaning of this sentence: One of the travelers said / Mr. Parker was likeable. The rising/falling nuclear tone determines the communicative type of the sentence: You know him – statement / You know him – general question. Phonetics is also connected with Stylistics through repetition of sounds, words and phrases. Repetition of this kind creates the basis of rhythm, rhyme and alliteration (repetition of sounds).