Vocabulary

implantation in vitro legislation microscope observe (v) occur (v) pregnancy progenitor reach (v) regard resemblance sperm

theory of epigenesist theory of preformation tool

track (v) vivisection

examine DNA codes within a cell.

There are several practical applications of em- bryology in the modern world. Embryology has given doctors the tools to create fertilized eggs for in vitro implantation. Embryology can also identify risk fac- tors for serious genetic conditions within the fertilized egg and select the most viable eggs for implantation. The study of embryology has led directly to the con- cept of cloning, either for a whole organism or parts of an organism.

2. Translate the sentences intoEnglish.

1. Эмбриология— это наука, изучающая раз- витиезародыша.

2. Зародышемназывают любой организм на ранних стадиях развития до рождения или вылуп- ления, или до моментапрорастания.

4. Различаютэмбриологию животных и чело-века и эмбриологиюрастений.

5. Многие ученые несомневаютсяв истин- ности данногопредположения.

4. Во время исследования была обнаружена коммитированная(commited) клетка-предшественник.

5. Настадии зародышаможно оценить каче- ство эмбриона по степенифрагментации.

6. Действующеезаконодательстворегламен- тирует работу с персональнымиданными.

3. Use your English-English dictionary and writedown the definitions to the followingwords:

Cloning, fetal stage, fertilization, pregnancy, in vitro.

4. Read the text attentively again and say whichstatements are true to the fact orfalse.

1. Cytology is the study of the formation oflife.

2. Embryology looks at the very beginning of life from the multi-celled organism, egg orsperm.

3. Embryologists examinefertilization.

4. So in humans, the study of an embryo would last until about the first month of apregnancy.

5. Caspar Fredriech Wolff was one of the first to champion the theory ofepigenesis.

6. Wolff realized that the body of an organism has stages ofdevelopment.

7. Aristotle is credited as the "Father of Embry- ology," even though he did not first conceptualize epi- genesis.

8. Today, the theories of embryology are easier to prove because of the accuracy with which we can examine RNA codes within acell.

9. Embryology has given doctors the tools tocre-

ate fertilized eggs for in vivo implantation.

5. Speak on the new facts you found in the text.What wondered you or what information was new for you? Can you add any other information about the embryology?

6. Make a plan of this text. Add key words in it ifnecessary.

7. Retell this text using your plan and adding theinformation you found aboutembryology.

8. Choose the TOPICS you like for the presenta-tions and make it with yourpartner:

• Ontogeny

• Embryogenesis

• Prenataldevelopment

• Epigenesis

• Developmentalbiology

• Morphogens

Speak about the history, development and newachievements in these fields.

9. Remind thepronounsand choose the correctform of them inbrackets.

1) What color is the litmus paper? It is so far that I can't see (it's/its/it) color. 2) They rarely drive to (their/them/ theirs) lab. They live near (it's/it/its). 3)

Look at (me/ mine/my) new watch. Do you like (it/them/its)? 4) These books are (her/hers). Give (them/their/theirs) to (hers/ her). 5) Do you like (you/your/yours) new car? — Oh, (it's/it/its) has never let me down yet. 6)(Theirs/Their/ Them) work is much more difficult than (you/yours/ your) or (me/mine/my). 7) Why are (you/your/yours) sitting here? It is not (you/your/yours) desk, it is (me/ mine/my). 8) This tape recorder of (her/hers/she) is always out of order. — But so is (you/your/yours)! 9) She has not read a line of (you/your/yours), how can she criticize (you/your/yours) books? 10) The clock has stopped. Something may be wrong with (it's/it/its) spring.

10. Translate the sentences intoEnglish.

1) Кто там? — Откройте, это я. 2) Мой дом на правой стороне улицы, а их — на левой. 3)Их лод- ка была быстрее нашей. 4) Как зовут вашу собаку?

— Ее зовут Квин. 5) В этом районе построена но- вая дорога. Ее длина более трехсот километров. 6) Это ваша ручка, а это его, но где же моя? 7) Она взяла мои ключи вместо своих. 8) Самый лучший план — ваш. 9) Чью работу будут пpоверять — Джона или Кэт? 10) Его автомобиль небольшой, но мотор (engine) у негомощный.

11. How many areas of physiology do youknow? Do you study physiology? Read thetext.