- •1.1. Commentaries and explanations
- •1.1.2. Predication as a means of sense catenation (chaining).
- •1.1.3. Identity patterns.
- •1.1.4. Identity pattern particulars.
- •1.2. Assignments
- •1.2.1. What is the speaker’s / speakers’ problem (the problem specified in the message)? Name it in the form of a noun phrase.
- •1.2.2. Make mini-dialogues imitating the pattern:
- •1.2.3. Rephrase the italicized fragments using words with similar meaning from 1.1.1 and 1.1.2. Make changes of the sentence structure if necessary.
- •1.2.4. Review and activate some vocabulary items used in 1.1. Make meaningful statements matching up the parts given in columns I and II.
- •1.2.5. Discuss the main issues given in 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 focusing on the following questions.
- •1.2.7. Modify choosing the right determiner:
- •1.2.8. Give names relying on the descriptions below. Some of them can refer to the same nouns. Choose proper indefinite determiners
- •1.2.9. . Retrieve a situation relying on the things mentioned.
- •1.2.10. Read the text and comment on the issues at stake. Discuss the points which seem disputable. Give your own examples of common noun phrases relevant to the search terms displayed on the Net.
- •1.2.11. Generic or referential? Use proper determiners (an indefinite article, a definite article, no-article, a possessive, a quantifier) to complete the following sentences.
- •1.2.12. Noun Substitution: Synonyms. Varying synonyms we slightly change the entire meaning. Substitute the italicized nouns by their synonyms choosing them from the given hints.
- •1.2.13. Are you a good matchmaker? Match up the given statements and responses to them. You may also give your own ones.
- •1.2.14. Discuss the following issues asking and answering questions like those given below.
- •1.2.16. Read, reflect and comment specifying identity patterns.
- •1.2.17. Practice identity pattern comprehension: read and comment on the “ingredients” of the framework in each example.
- •1.2.18. Identity gets trickier: specify the identity pattern constituents in each example.
- •1.2.19. Specify identity patterns working through the text. Use vocabulary notes for better understanding of some special terms (see 1.2.6 for revision).
- •It is useful to see how identity patterns function in descriptions, specifications, definitions, etc. The structure is based on renaming a noun by another one.
- •Vocabulary notes
1.2.7. Modify choosing the right determiner:
1. … problem of global warming is most urgent and pressing. – A. My B. The C. A D. Mine
2. This is a simplification of … complex issue. – A. such B. The C. A D. so
3. There is … chance that we will win. – A. the B. other C. this D. every
4. We want you to understand … necessity for good planning. – A. the B. a C. this D. each
5. … possibility of changing the situation. Fat chance! – A. Not B. No C . Nothing D. Never
6. … probability of winning a grant is usually very low. – A. The B. - C. Yours D. These
7. What’s … procedure for applying for a grant? – A. you B. me C. the D. a
8. I don’t have … ability to say certain things. – A. my B. an C. a D. the
9. Do we really have … capability to meet the market needs? – A. our B. ours C. the D. –
10. I admire … powers of observation. – A. yours B. the C. a D. your
11. In support of … demands we are going … – A. - B. so C. another D. their
12. … attempts to control inflation are of little use. – A. Every B. Each C. All D. Everybody
13. The author offers … reasons for rejecting this theory. – A. their B. there C. - D. the
14. … desire for knowledge is important. – A. - B. Sort of C. Like D. A
15. It is … intension to be number one laboratory. – A. my B. our C. his D. her
16. This is what is called a high level of … political aspiration. – A. all B. each C. the D. –
1.2.8. Give names relying on the descriptions below. Some of them can refer to the same nouns. Choose proper indefinite determiners
e.g. A strong feeling that you want something.
Need.
A situation in which something is necessary.
A need.
1. A plan or desire to do something.
2. A question for which you have to find an answer.
3. A skill you need to have.
4. A strong wish.
5. The state of being able to do something.
6. The natural ability, skill or power that makes a person, machine, or organization able to do something, especially something difficult.
7. A time or situation which you can use to do what you want to do.
8. A subject or problem that is often discussed or argued about, especially a social or political matter that affects the interests of many people.
9. A firm request for something you believe you have the right to get.
10. Something you need to have in order to live.
11. Someone’s level or skill at doing something.
12. Something that might be true and might happen.
13. Something that must happen.
14. Something that is likely to happen.
15. An opportunity to do something or something that can be done or tried.
16. A natural or special ability to do something.
17. An act of trying to do something.
18. Likelihood sometimes calculated in a mathematical way.
19. A (correct and usual) way of doing something.
20. Something why somebody decides to act in a certain way.
21. The right to control people and events.
22. A strong desire to have or achieve something.
23. Someone’s power or ability to do something.