2. Перепишите и письменно переведите тексты. Письменно выполните задания Вариант 1

Prison Inmates

Unconvinced Prisoners

Some of the prison population consists of unconvinced prisoners held in custody and awaiting trial. These prisoners are presumed to be innocent and are treated accordingly. They are allowed all reasonable facilities to seek release on bail, prepare for trail, and maintain contacts with relatives and friends. They also have the right to wear their own clothes and can write and receive unlimited number of letters.

Women Prisoners

Women are usually kept in smaller prisons with special programmes and recreational opportunities with emphasis on housekeeping, sewing and typing skills. Women prisoners do not wear prison uniform and there is a clothing allowance to help pay for clothes while in prison. Some prisons provide mother and baby units where babies remain with their mothers.

Life-sentence Prisoners

Since the capital punishment has been abolished in Britain, the severest penalty for the most serious crimes such as murder is life imprisonment. Those serving life sentences for the murder of police and prison officers, terrorist murders, murder by firearm in the cause of robbery and the sexual or sadist murder of children are normally detained for at least twenty years. Life sentences for offences other than murder can be reduced up to nine years.

Перепишите предложения. Напишите, верны ли данные утверждения. Если нет – дайте правильный ответ.

1. Unconvicted prisoners must wear a prison uniform.

2. Unconvicted prisoners are allowed to write and receive letters without any limit.

3. Some institutions for women have mother and baby units.

4. Women prisoners must wear a prison uniform.

5. Capital punishment is not applied in Great Britain.

6. Life sentence lasts for at least fifty years.

Вариант 2

Development of the Prison System

A prison is an institution for the confinement of persons convicted of serious crimes or felonies. In the 19^th and 20^th centuries, imprisonment replaced corporal punishment, execution and banishment as the main means of punishing serious offenders. Historically exile, execution and corporal punishment were the most common penalties for criminal acts. Until the late 18^th century, prisons were used mostly for the confinement of debtors who could not pay, of offenders awaiting trial, and of those convicted persons waiting for their sentences—death or exile—to be put into effect.

With the decline of capital punishment, the prison began to be used also as a place of punishment. The concept of the penitentiary was advocated in England during late 18^th century by Jeremy Bentham. At the same time in the United States penitentiaries were created first in Pennsylvania and then in New York. Antisanitary conditions and overcrowding produced a wide agitation for changes in prisons. Solitary confinement of criminals became an ideal among reformers of the 18^th century. A philosophy of prison management known as the “silent system” was developed. The prisoners worked together in silence in the daytime and at night were confined in solitary cells.

There were the steps made to fit the severity of punishment to the severity of crime.

Перепишите предложения. Письменно ответьте на вопросы

1. What is a prison?

2. What were the means of punishing offenders before the 19^th century?

3. How were prisons used until the late 18^th century?

4. When did the prison begin to be used as a place of punishment?

5. Why did reformers fight for solitary confinement of criminals?

6. What is the “silent system”?