- •Medical faculty
- •Infection. Innate immunity. Nonspecific factors of host defence
- •3. Period of specific clinical signs and symptoms.
- •Types of infectious diseases
- •Portals of Entry and Exit
- •Table 11-1
- •Susceptible macroorganism (host)
- •Potentially harmful infectious agent (microbe)
- •Environmental conditions.
- •Environmental conditions
- •Mechanisms of Transmission
- •Microorganism
- •Virulence Factors
- •Macroorganism (Nonspesific factors of host defense)
- •Mechanical defenses
- •Chemical defenses
- •Immunobiological defenses (humoral and cellular factors)
- •Practical work
- •Determination of k.Pneumoniae virulence
- •2. Determination of bacterial virulence factors:
- •Hemolysins (hemolytic activity)
- •Coagulase activity
- •Lecithinase activity
- •Capsules
- •3. Phagocytosis (complete phagocytosis and incomplete phagocytosis).
- •Practical tasks
- •Antigens
- •Antibodies
- •The Agglutination Tests
- •The Precipitation Tests
- •Diagnosticums. Antibody-containing antisera
- •Practical work
- •Practical tasks
- •The Complement
- •Lysis Tests
- •The Complement Fixation Test
- •The Complement Titration
- •The Neutralization Reactions
- •Practical work
- •Practical tasks
- •Serological Reactions with Labeled Components
- •Immunofluorescence (if-test)
- •Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (elisa)
- •Radioimmunoassay (ria)
- •Immunoblotting (Western Analysis)
- •Practical work
- •Practical tasks
- •Table 15-1
- •Active immunity
- •Passive immunity
- •Complications of Passive Immunotherapy
- •Practical work
- •The Vaccine Control
- •The Scheme of Vaccine Control
- •The Diphtheria Toxoid Control
- •3. Determination of Diphtheria Toxoid Titer
- •Practical tasks
- •The Scheme of Flocculation Test
- •Topics for Discussion.
- •Infection and immunity.
- •Types of Vaccines
- •Preparations for Passive Immunization
- •Immunologic reactions for diagnosis of infectious diseases.
- •Immune biological preparations for treatment and immunoprophylaxis.
- •Written test for Review on section: «infection and immunity».
Practical work
The Vaccine Control
Estimate vaccine safety by examination of its appearance (turbidity or transparency), if turbid – turbidity according to optical turbidity standard, morphology (by preparation of smear and its simple staining), sterility (growth on the nutrient media). For sterility estimation use the results of demonstration inoculations.
Fill in Table 15-3 with the results of examination of two types of typhoid vaccines.
Make a conclusion (whether the vaccines are standard or not).
Table 15-3
The Scheme of Vaccine Control
Vaccine |
Type |
Appearance (turbid/transparent) |
Turbidity (microbial concentration/ml) |
Morphology |
Sterility |
|
MPA |
Anaerobe Broth |
|||||
Typhoid Vaccine |
killed |
|
|
|
|
|
Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine |
subunit |
|
|
|
|
|
Conclusion: The Typhoid Vaccine tested is _______________________standard (not standard). The Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine tested is __________standard (not standard).
|
||||||
The Diphtheria Toxoid Control
Examine the Diphtheria Toxoid safety by examination of its appearance (color, turbidity or transparency), and sterility (growth on the nutrient media). For sterility estimation use the results of demonstration inoculations.
Determine the titer of the toxoid tested (see item 3).
Fill in Table 15-4 with the results of Diphtheria Toxoid testing.
Make a conclusion (weather the toxoid is standard or not).
Table 15-4
The Scheme of Diphtheria Toxoid Control
Toxoid |
Type |
Appearance (color, transparency) |
Sterility |
Titer (see Table 15-5) |
Diphtheria Toxoid |
Molecular vaccine (toxoid) |
|
Growth on MPA: Growth on Anaerobe Broth: |
|
Conclusion: The Diphtheria Toxoid tested is ___________________standard (not standard).
|
||||
3. Determination of Diphtheria Toxoid Titer
Flocculation test is a kind of precipitation immune reaction between diphtheria antitoxic serum (400 AU/ml) and diphtheria toxoid. Initial flocculation occurs in the tube, where there are an equal amounts of toxoid antigenic units (Lf) and antitoxic antibody units (AU). The toxoid titer is measured in antigenic units “limes flocculationes”-Lf per ml.
Practical tasks
Perform the flocculation test according to the Scheme (see Table 15-5). Notify the tube where initial flocculation occurs and determine toxoid titer. Fill in the Table.
Table 15-5