1.1 Basic concepts and definitions of the health-resort tourism as work

The need for movement and travel, a trip or walking for any places, countries (usually for information and leisure) came to our ancestors from ancient times. Moreover, the term "journey" can be interpreted literally, as "familiarization" with the new territories was vital.

Tourism is an industry that includes many types of activities. All segments of the tourism industry are interrelated and independent from each other. For example, the success of a ski resort depends on the delivery of skiers on the slopes, the level of accommodation, catering and other services offered to tourists during the stay at the resort. Small enterprises connected with the ski resorts operate as an independent company, but in fact they depend from each other. This dependency requires joint efforts, however, their business competes and fights for the consumer market, which complicates the interaction. At the state level currently, the problems of tourism is engaged in the state Committee for physical culture and tourism.

In order to give the most complete classification of types of modern tourism, it is necessary to use the most essential features characterizing a particular type of tourism, in particular, national identity, tourism; basic need, the satisfaction of which leads to a tourist trip; the main means of transport used in traveling; accommodation; duration of travel; the group; the organizational form; the basic principles of pricing tourism products, etc.

1. The main types of tourism. Formed depending on national origin include national (domestic) and international (external) tourism. International tourism, in turn, is divided into active and passive, or otherwise tourism.

2. Depending on the needs that lead to tourist travel.

3. Sports tourism. The basis of this type of tourism is the need of the two types, therefore there are two subspecies of sports tourism:

• active (the basis is the need for doing any sport);

• passive (based on the interest in any sport, i.e., travel to attend competitions or sports games).

4. Educational tourism. The basis of this type of tourism is the need to increase knowledge in various areas. This type of tourism include eco-tourism. Program eco-tours involve visiting protected natural areas.

5. Tourism for business purposes. This type of tourism includes trips for the purpose of establishing or maintaining business contacts with various partners.

6. Congress tourism. Tourist trips to participate in various events, including: conferences, symposia, congresses, etc.

There are many types of tourism: ecological (travel untouched by human civilization environmentally-friendly parts of nature), social (sector of the tourist market, where buyers get subjective funds allocated by the state for social needs in order to create conditions for traveling), independent (a specific kind of tourist public activities on a voluntary, amateur basis without participation in the organization of the organizers of tourism) and many others.

Of course, all kinds of tourism activities are very interesting and attractive in its own way, but I would like to show health tourism, because it is not only taking care of your health method, medical intervention and the intervention of natural factors (mineral water, various therapeutic sources, etc.), but entertaining and quite informative.

Health tourism - traveling to any area with favorable climatic conditions for treatment and rest. Health tourism – tourism, travel, trip, Hiking in some areas with favorable climatic conditions and stay there to rest.

The Spa-Wellness tourism has several distinctive characteristics:

1. Stay at the resort should be not less than 21 days, otherwise the treatment will not be effective;

2. Treatment as the resorts are quite expensive, therefore it is designed mainly for wealthy clients or patients, which are paid by the state or enterprise;

3. At the resort, mostly older people, who make their choice between the resorts, specialized on the treatment of specific diseases, and resorts mixed type, which contribute to the overall restoration effort.

Also, do not forget that the development of tourist business in market conditions can be carried out in the presence of four main components: capital; technology; human resources; tourism resources.

In the world there are 4 types of resorts:

1. Spa (main curative factor used natural mineral water);

2. Mud (tied to the deposits of therapeutic muds);

3. Climate (forest, mountain, seaside, climatequality);

4. Transient, multiple natural therapeutic factors.

The choice of tourist geographical direction of travel is determined by the following parameters: location (natural or artificial factors, cultural elements), event (festival, sports), opportunities for certain activities (exercise treatment), condition of material base of transport infrastructure. For a set of geographic areas affected by the preparedness of the tourist, the information received from academic, popular and other literature, media. The choice is determined by the assessment of possible ways of entertainment, satisfaction of tourist needs.

The therapeutic (medical) tourism is a necessity in the treatment of various diseases. Medical tourism has several varieties, characterized by natural means on the human body, for example: climatic treatment, sea-treatment, mud treatment, etc. Often in the treatment can be used several types of impact, in such cases, the type of tourism determines the basic means of influencing the organism vacationer.

Internal and external factors affecting tourism.

On the growth and development of tourism is influenced by socio-economic factors: level of education, cultural and aesthetic needs of the population. As an element of aesthetic needs can be considered the desire of people to get acquainted with the life, history, culture and living conditions of different countries.

In addition, the external factors include changes in the political and legal regulation; technological change; transport infrastructure development and trade and the changing security conditions of travel.

Internal (endogenous) factors are factors acting directly in the tourism sector. These include first of all the logistical factors that are crucial for the development of tourism. The main of them is associated with the development of the means of accommodation, transport, service establishments, recreational areas, retail, etc.

The internal factors are the factors of the tourist market:

1) the processes of demand, supply and distribution (as a special feature, current market factors can be identified, for example, turning the demand for tourist products in constant demand and the growth of individual tourism;

2) the increasing role of market segmentation (the emergence of new regional tourist segments. The increasing distances of travel, the diversity of vacation a short-term stay, the increasing diversification of the tourism development in established tourist space, etc.);

3) the increasing role of coordination in tourism and processes of monopolization (strengthening of horizontal integration, i.e., the growth partnership of large companies with medium and small business; vertical integration through the creation of strategic tourism alliances; globalization of tourism business, etc.);

4) the increasing role of media and public relations (public relations) in promoting, advertising and implementation of the developed tourism products;

5) the increasing role of personnel in tourism (increase number of workers, the development of professional-qualification structure, increase the value of professional training, improvement of work organization, etc.);

6) the increasing role of the private tourist business (the conditions under which the market operates, a limited number of large multinational operators and a large number of related small businesses – agents, effective implementation of tourism products based on professional marketing, which in turn affects the need that you enhance the skills of staff).