13 Choose the correct alternative.
1 For centuries natural scientists and engineers have inspired /have been inspired by life’s devices.
2 A number of design methods, intended especially to guide industrial designers in carrying out
the development of biologically inspired design, have been proposed /have proposed.
3 Taking a leaf out of nature’s book, scientists have developed/ have been developed technologies that
seek to mimic some of life’s unique innovations.
4 Electrical phenomena have studied/ have been studied/ has been studied since antiquity, though
advances in the science were not made until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
5 Electricity is an extremely flexible form of energy, and has adapted/has been adapted to a huge and
growing number of uses.
6 Optical fibre and satellite communication technology have taken /have been taken a share of the market
for communication systems, but electricity can be expected to remain as essential part of the process.
7 Volta discovered that chemical reactions could be used to create cathodes and anodes. The difference
of electric potentials between them could lead to the flow of a current between them. The unit of
potential difference has been named/has named as ‘volt’ in his honour.
8 Coulomb mathematically articulated the attraction between electrified bodies. This laid /was laid
the foundation of quantitative study of electricity.
14 Look at the examples and complete the rules. Write for or since.
I haven’t seen you since we left university.
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Rules
1 We use __________ to say when an activity started.
2 We use __________ to say how long an activity has continued.
3 We use _____ with a period of time and ______ with a point in time.
Complete these sentences with for or since
1 I’ve been a student… two years.
2 We haven’t had any rain … a very long time.
3 That building’s been there …the 19th century.
4 We’ve only been here …two minutes.
5 I haven’t seen you … the last conference.
6 I’ve worked for the same company … 2012
7 We’ve been very successful …we operated a store in China.
8 He’s been the team leader… ten months.
15 Work in pairs or small groups. Find out if your partner(s) have ever done the things on your list.
Use the past simple when you start talking about the definite time.
Example: A: Have you ever been to China?
B: No, I haven’t. What about you?
A: Oh, I’ve been twice.
B: Where did you go exactly?
A: I went to Beijing and Shanghai.
|
Electricity is the source of power for all life
3.2
16 Who are the scientists that gave their names to electrical units? Who are all these people that we name
theorems after in the lectures? Look at the photos and match the names with the photos.
1_________________________
2_________________________
3________________________
4________________________ 5_________________________ 6______________________
Georg Simon Ohm Pavel Yablochkov Charles Augustin de Coulomb
Nikola Tesla Michael Faraday Thomas Edison
Alessandro Volta Andre Marie Ampere Luigi Galvani