7. Вводящий оборот there is… there are…
There is – имеется, ед.ч.
There is a book on the shelf.
There are – имеются, мн.ч.
There are some students in the hall.
1. Вопросительная форма
Is there…? Are there?
Is there a (book) …?
Are there any (books) …?
2. Отрицательная форма
- There is not a (book) …
There are not any (books) …
There is no book …
There are no books …
3. Предложение с оборотом there is… there are… следует переводить с конца, с обстоятельства места.
There are some apple-trees in the garden.
4. Не следует путать вводяoее слово there, которое не переводится на русский язык и обстоятельство место there (там) в конце предложения.
There are some cars there.
5. При перечислении употребляется связка is:
There is a book, a copy-book, a pen and a pencil on the desk.
6. Оборот в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени.
1. Вопросительная форма
Was there…? Were there?
Was there a (book) …?
Were there any (books) …?
2. Отрицательная форма
- There was not a (book) …
There were not any (books) …
There was no book …
There were no books …
8. THE VERB TO HAVE IN PRESENT SIMPLE
ГЛАГОЛ TO HAVE В НАСТОЯЩЕМ ВРЕМЕНИ
Утвердительная форма I (we, you, they) have He (she, it) has |
Вопросительная форма Классический вариант Have you (we, they, I) a pet? Has he (she, it) a pet? Современный вариант (запоминаем его!) Do you (we, they, I) have …? Does he (she, it) have …? Если глагол have got, то: Have you (we, they) got a pet? Has she (he, it) got a pet? |
Отрицательная форма
Классический вариант
I (we, you, they) have no pet. He (she, it) has no pet.
|
I (we, you, they) have not a pet. He (she, it) has not a pet.
|
Современный вариант (запоминаем его!)
I (we, you, they) don’t have a pet.
He (she, it) doesn’t have a pet.
Если глагол have got, то:
I (we, you, they) haven’t got a pet.
He (she, it) hasn’t got a pet.
9. THE MAIN TYPES OF QUESTIONS
Основные типы вопросов
Типы вопроса |
Вопрос |
Ответ |
Общий вопрос |
Do you work? Is she reading? |
Yes, I do. / No. I don’t Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t |
Специальный вопрос |
Where do you work? What is she reading? Who knows this story? |
I work at а plant. She is reading a book. He (does). |
Разделительный вопрос |
You work much, don’t you? She can’t sing, can she? |
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t Yes, she can. / No, she can’t. |
Альтернативный вопрос |
( have you) Have you a flat or a room? ( does he know) Does he know French or English? |
I have a flat.
He knows English.
|
10. THE VERB TENSES ACTIVE VOICE
10.1. Simple (Indefinite) tenses Active voice.