Контрольная работа Вариант 9

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Using Computer

Ever since the car was first invented, a breaker point ignition has been used to transform battery voltage into 20,000 volts to fire the spark plugs. With government intervention and regulation, more advanced system was needed. This system had to meet emission control levels, gas mileage, and provide a smooth and continuous operation. The answer was found in an on-board computer system. The computer mounted on modern cars has two components. One is the hardware and the other is the software.

The computer hardware on an automobile uses a Central Process­ing Unit (CPU), which, when made in an integrated circuit, is referred I о as a microprocessor. The integrated circuit (IС) combines transis­tors, diodes, and capacitors, which are placed on a tiny chip of semi­conductor material that is smaller and thinner that an eraser on a pen­cil. The material used most of the time is silicon. Silicon, like any semiconductor, does not conduct electricity until voltage, a mag­netic field, heat, or light is directed to the semiconductor. A program instructs the microprocessor what to do.

The computer software on a car carries a program. The program (ells the computer what to do, and when to do it in a specific sequence). The program is stored in a permanent memory, which is referred to as Read Only Memory (ROM).The computer knows only what is placed in its memory.

There is another variation, which is called the Program­mable Read Only Memory (PROM), which can be readily removed and replaced, while the ROM cannot. This makes it less expensive if the memory becomes defective. Only the PROM has to be replaced, not the entire microprocessor. The microprocessor contains a ROM (or PROM) and a RAM. RAM stands for Random Access Memory, which can be accessed with­out going through a specific sequence. The technician interfaces with the RAM whenever trouble codes are accessed. Not all computerized ignition systems have trouble codes, however. Some computers have the ability to learn. This is referred to as an adaptive memory. When a value falls outside of a specified limit, due to engine wear, the adaptive memory makes a slight adjustment in the program to compensate. The car must be driven from 20 to 30 miles, as it takes the computer this long to learn. Any time that power is disconnected from the computer, it will have to relearn everything.

Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. How many components has the computer on modern cars? What are they?

2. How do we call the computer hardware on the automobile?

3. What does an integrated circuit combine?

4. What material is used in the integrated circuit? Why?

5. What does the computer software do?

6. Why is the computer used on board the car?

7. What does the program tell to the computer?

8. Where is the program stored?

9. What is ROM?

10. What is PROM?

11. What is RAM?

II Вместо пропусков поставьте необходимую форму глагола to be (am, is, are, was, were, will be)

1. My sister___ill last week.

2. She___not ill now.

3. Yesterday we___at the theatre.

4. Where___your mother now? — She___in the kitchen.

5. When I come home tomorrow, all my family___at home.

III Вместо пропусков поставьте необходимую форму глагола to have (have, has, had, will have)

1. Ann and Pete ... a birthday party tonight.

2. Their mother... many grandchildren.

3. I... no time after lessons.

4. Last Tuesday Jack ... a meeting.

5. She... many relatives in different towns.

6. He …a good job in a bank.

7. My sister … three children.

IV Поставьте выделенное существительное в форму множественного числа и произведите необходимые изменения в предложениях:

Образец: This is a dog. These are dogs.

1. Is his brother at home? - Yes, he is.

2. This house has a balcony looking out on the street.

3. The architecture of this building is quite modern.

4. This is a new district of St. Petersburg.

5. There is a shop, a cinema and a theatre in the new district.

V Поставьте прилагательные в скобках в нужную форму: (степени сравнения)

1. The Alps are (high) than the Urals.

2. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town.

3. She speaks Italian (good) than English.

4. Is the word «newspaper» (long) than the word «book»?

5. The Thames is (short) than the Volga.

VI Раскройте скобки, используя настоящее, прошедшее или будущее простое время.

1. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day.

2. I (not to go) to bed at ten o'clock.

3. My brother (to wash) his face every morning.

4. He (not to wash) his face with cold water.

5. You (to have) history lessons every day?

6. Mary (to rest) after long day?

7. My mother (to take) a bus to get to work yesterday.

8. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday.

9. You (to talk) to the members of your family two days ago?

10. Your brother (to go) to the country with us next Sunday?

11. I (to send) a letter to my friend tomorrow.

12. You (not to go) to the south next summer.