6. Fill in the missing words from the list given below. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The dominant line in architecture is the straight line but contemporary architecture tends to distance itself from this habit by opting more often for ….. lines, instead. 2. How to measure the ….. of a building? 3. In the Protestant countries and France, which sought the spirit through the mind, architecture was more geometric, formal, and ….. . 4. Japan has an interesting focus on quality, highly developed and sophisticated design, combined with a tradition of smallness and human ….. , a focus that might help us as we develop mega cities around the world. 5. In using colour, the designer should create his ….. to emphasize one colour and to add contrasting colours for variety. 6. Among architectural objects with standard, closely related variants, some may fail while others ….. . 7. Munich's acceleration of transportation and infrastructure projects in preparation for the 1972 Games allowed the city to hasten …..  development by almost 10 years. 8. Cubic measurements take all three dimensions into consideration - ….. , length and height.

Curved, schemes, height, succeed, width, precise, scale, urban.

7. Arrange the following words into pairs of synonyms.

Precise, optical, to suit, to include, exact, to meet the requirements, residence, visual, to comprise, dwelling.

8. Underline the word that is different. Say why.

1.	scheme	height	width	length
2.	to comprise	to contain	to include	to create
3.	shaft	capital	base	scale
4.	precise	exact	indefinite	accurate
5.	acropolis	agora	harbour	entablature

9. Fill in the prepositions if necessary and translate the following text into Russian without a dictionary.

The typical rectangular building design was often surrounded ….. columns ….. all four sides (e.g. the Parthenon) or more rarely at the front and rear only (e.g. the Temple of Athena Nike). Roofs were laid ….. timber beams covered ….. terracotta tiles, and were not domed. Pediments were usually filled ….. sculptural decoration or friezes, as was the row of lintels¹ along the top ….. each side wall, …..the roof and the tops of the columns. ….. the late 4th and 5th centuries BC, Greek architects began to depart ….. the strictly rectangular plan ….. traditional temples ….. favour of a circular structure, embellished² ….. black marble to highlight certain architectural elements and provide rich colour contrasts.

10. Read the text and render it in English.

The Theatre

Another distinctive Greek contribution to world culture was the amphitheatre. The oldest certain archaeological evidence of theatres dates from the late 6th century BC but we may assume that Greeks gathered in specified public places much earlier. Indeed, Bronze Age Minoan sites such as Phaistos had large stepped-courts which are thought to have been used for spectacles such as religious processions and bull-leaping sports. Then from the late 6th century BC we have a rectangular theatre-like structure from Thorikos in Attica which had a temple dedicated to Dionysos at one end. This would suggest it was used during D ionyistic festivals, at which dramas were often presented. However, it was from the 5th century BC that the Greek amphitheatre took on its recognisable and most influential form. This was an open-air and approximately semi-circular arrangement of rising rows of seats (theotron) which provided excellent acoustics. The stage or orchestra was also semi-circular and backed by a screen or skene, which would become more and more monumental in the following centuries. Monumental arches often provided the entrances (paradoi) on either side of the stage.