44.04.01 Педагогическое образование

37.04.01 Психология

ЗАДАНИЕ. Прочитайте текст. Выполните послетекстовые задания.

Text. Does Culture Influence How We Learn?

When a member of the Chilcotin Indian tribe teaches her daughter to prepare salmon, at first she allows the daughter only to observe the entire process. A little later, she permits her child to try out some basic parts of the task. Her response to questions is noteworthy. For example, when the daughter asks about how to do “the backbone part,” the mother’s response is to repeat the entire process with another salmon. The reason? The mother feels that one cannot learn the individual parts of the task apart from the context of preparing the whole fish. (Tharp, 1989)

It should not be surprising that children raised in the Chilcotin tradition, which stresses instruction that starts by communicating the entire task, may have difficulty with traditional Western schooling. In the approach to teaching most characteristic of Western culture, tasks are broken down into their component parts. Only after each small step is learned is it thought possible to master the complete task.

Do the differences in teaching approaches between cultures affect how people learn? Some psychologists, taking a cognitive perspective on learning, suggest that people develop particular learning styles, characteristic ways of approaching material, based on their cultural background and unique pattern of abilities (Anderson & Adams, 1992; Barmeyer, 2004; Wilkinson & Olliver-Gray, 2006).

Learning styles differ along several dimensions. For example, one central dimension is relational versus analytical approaches to learning. People with a relational learning style master material best through exposure to a full unit or phenomenon. In contrast, those with an analytical learning style do best when they can carry out an initial analysis of the principles and components underlying a phenomenon or situation. By developing an understanding of the fundamental principles and components, they are best able to understand the full picture.

The conclusion that members of particular ethnic and gender groups have similar learning styles is controversial. Because there is so much diversity within each particular racial and ethnic group, critics argue that generalizations about learning styles cannot be used to predict the style of any single individual, regardless of group membership.

Still, it is clear that values about learning, which are communicated through a person’s family and cultural background, have an impact on how successful students are in school. One theory suggests that members of minority groups who were voluntary immigrants are more apt to be successful in school than those who were brought into a majority culture against their will. For example, Korean children in the United States – the sons and daughters of voluntary immigrants—perform quite well, as a group, in school. In contrast, Korean children in Japan, who were often the sons and daughters of people who were forced to immigrate during World War II, essentially as forced laborers, do less well in school.

Retrieved from Understanding Psychology (10-th ed.) by Robert S. Feldman, Glencoe/Mcgraw‑Hill; 2011, P. 203.

Послетекстовые задания.

1. Give adequate Russian equivalents of the italicized worlds in the text.

2. Find 10 words with prefix. Give their Russian equivalents.

3. Translate the sentences of the bold type into Russian.

4. Make up a summary of the text in three-four sentences in English.

5. Add more ideas to the list. Do you agree with the author? Write down your opinion on the paper in three-four sentences in English.

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