3. Supply the correct forms of comparison.

1. The room is (clean) than it used to be.

2. This is (expensive) book of them all.

3. Take some of these sweets: they are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box.

4. It was (bad) time of my life.

5. This test was (easy) of all.

6. Please be (careful) next time and don't spill the milk again.

7. Is N (intelligent) than S?

8. This river is (deep) in our region.

9. Show me the (far) room in your house.

10. Mother is much (young) than her husband.

4. Supply the correct tense-forms.

1. He said he (to listen) to the same stories for a long time.

2. By the end of the year he (to read) about two hundred pages.

3. At last the librarian (to give) me the book which I (to wait) for during two months. I was very glad. I (to go) home and (to begin) reading it at once.

4. Now she (to read) the book which I (to give) her yesterday.

5. You (to read) «The Murder of Roger Ackroyd» by Agatha Christie? – No, I (not yet to read) it. But I (to hear) that it (to be) a very interesting book. I (to read) it as soon as I (to get) it.

6. Victor asked me (to explain) the new rule to him, as he (to miss) the previous lesson.

7. Jane usually works in the library. She (to work) there now. She already (to gather) the necessary material and now she (to write) her report.

8. It (to be) nearly eleven o'clock when we (to begin) doing this work.

9. Hardly he (ask) his question when she (answer) them.

10. She said she (to teach) at this school for 20 years.

5. Change the following sentences in Direct Speech into Reported Speech.

1. Jane told her father: «I hope to pass exam».

2. Henry said to me: «The teacher is listening to us».

3. Bob said to Tom: «I made no mistakes in the last dictation».

4. I told the policeman: «I saw a thief in a shop».

5. Nick said: «Sometimes I go home by tram».

6. «Don't go there!» she said.

7. I asked her: «Where did you pass your holidays?»

8. Tabret said to Stella: «I am deeply grateful for all you have done for Mary».

9. He said: «We shall not do this».

II. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Ученый провел этот эксперимент в очень сложных условиях.

2. Сначала пришлось определить уровень развития способностей наших испытуемых.

3. Хорошее зрение, слух и обоняние помогают животных избегать опасности.

4. Докладчик сослался на последние экспериментальные данные.

5. Способность приспосабливаться к окружающей среде находится в тесной зависимости от возраста.

6. Казалось, больной не осознавал, где находится.

7. Мне трудно приспосабливаться к его взглядам.

8. Методы психологического исследования зависят от задач исследования.

9. Диалектический и генетический подход к изучению человека и животных является основой высей российской психологии.

10. Различные отделы мозга принимают информацию от определенных органов чувств.

III. Translate the text into Russian.

Negative Reinforcement

In negative reinforcement, a painful or unpleasant stimulus is removed or is not applied at all if a certain kind of behavior occurs. The removal of unpleasant consequences increases the frequency of a behavior. There are two types of negative reinforcement learning psychologists have studied in detail: escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning. In escape conditioning, the behavior a person engages in causes an unpleasant event to stop. Consider the case of a child who hates liver and is served it for dinner – a thoroughly repulsive (неприятный) experience. She whines (to whine – хныкать, ныть) about the food and gags (to gag – давиться) while eating it. At this point her mother removes the liver. The gagging and whining behavior has been thus negatively reinforced, and the child is likely to gag and whine in the future when given an unpleasant meal. This kind of learning is called escape conditioning because the behavior has enabled the child to escape the liver meal.

In avoidance conditioning, the person's behavior has the effect of preventing an unpleasant situation from happening. In our example, if the girl's past whining and gagging behavior had stopped the mother from even serving the liver, we would identify the situation as avoidance conditioning; the child would have avoided the unpleasant consequences in advance.