Pathological processes in lungs

Topographic percussion of lungs

Lower lung border position

Lower lung border respiratory mobility

Lungs apexes height and width (Kroenig’s area).

Lower liver border mobility

Lower lung border position

Displaced downward on the affected side:

Pneumothorax

Displaced downward on both sides:

Pulmonary emphysema

Splanchnoptosis

Sizes of lungs apexes

Diminish (on the affected side):

Pneumosclerosis of upper lobe

(tuberculosis)

Lobectomia

Increase:

Pulmonary emphysema

Bronchoscopy

Indications: suspition on tumour, foreign bodies of airways, hemopthysis ans lung bleeding as well as for sanation of airways

The procedure is executed on fasting stomach under local anaestesia or narcosis

It is possible to take material (mucosa) via biopsy for histological investiogation.

X-ray examination

Plain X-ray is in wide use

contrast X-ray (bronchigraphy) lets to assess bronchial tree and is executed on fasting stomach.