Մարության Հ., Հիշողության դերն ազգային ինքնության կառուցվածքում. տեսական հարցադրումներ

* * *

« -» , « »,1492 « -» , , --, 1992 .« 500- » ,,« » (“Pre-american” past) -, 1492 .« » -

« » (memorable “history”) « -

» (practically forgetable “pre-history”) ,, ,, --, , 1492 .« » (prelude)« -» 1

1 Eviatar Zerubavel, Social memories, 286-288 « »«Time Maps» 82-100

41

** *

-, « -» , -(Michael Schudson), ,, « , -, -» , . ) -, , )-, )-, , , 1, ,, ,. , / [ -], -

1 Michael Schudson, The Present in the Past Versus the Past in the Present.- Communication, 1989, vol. 11, p. 105-113; Idem. Watergate in American Memory: How We Remember, Forget, and Reconstruct the Past. New York, 1992.

42

,,

(Edward Shils) (1981) , -/ , -, - ,. --. -, -, «» (guiding patterns), , --, 1, -« », ,. , ,-, « -» , , -« , »,, 2

1, , ,

2E. A. Shils, Tradition. Chicago, 1981, p. 31-32; Michael Schudson, The Present in the Past.Barry Schwartz, Social Change and Collective Memory, p. 222.

43

* * *

, --, -, -

-, ,, (, , ),« »1 ,(B.Zelizer) , « -. [ ] -

, -»2 -, -

1Jeffrey K. Olick; Daniel Levy, Collective Memory and Cultural Constraint: Holocaust Myth and Rationality in German Politics.– American Sociological Review, Vol. 62, No. 6 (December, 1997), p. 921.

2B. Zelizer, Reading the Past Agaist the Grain: The Shape of Memory Studies.– Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1995, N 12 (June), p. 214-239. Jeffrey K. Olick, Joyce Robbins. Social Memory Studies, 122

44

, , , -, -, , -

, --, -/ -, . , -1865-1920 .(, ), 1920- . -- -. . -, , -, -. ,, , -, -, . . -, -, . , . -, , -, -

45

--, , -, ,, ,,,

, . , ., -,, -, --, . ,- -- , -, -, , -, . ,, . ,, , ,, , ,. ,1

1 Barry Schwartz, Social Change and Collective Memory, p. 221-234.

. Barry Schwartz,

Iconography and Collective Memory , p. 301-319.

46

,

-, (chronicling). , -, -/ -, -, , --, ,(commemoration),, 1

, ,(co-memorated). -2, -, , ,, ,,

1. Barry Schwartz, The Social Context of Commemoration, p. 377.

2-

Antoine Prost, Monuments to the Dead.– Realms of Memory, Volume II, p. 307-330 « -»

47

, 1

Պ. , /, -( , -, ) ,£ , « -, , / -»2 , (1876 .)3,(1889 .) XIX (1900 .) -/ , 1992 .500- , 1995 .50- , 1976 . 200- , -, -

(mnemonic syncronization)4 -

1. Eviatar Zerubavel, Social Memories, p. 294; Eviatar Zerubavel, Time Maps, p. 4.

2Pierre Nora, The Era of Commemoration.- Realms of Memory, Vol. III, p. 613.

3Lyn Spillman, When Do Collective Memories Last?: Founding Moments in the United States and Australia.– States of Memory: Continuities, Conflicts, and Transformations in National Retrospection. Durham and London, 2003, p. 161-163. -

100- 200-, - -« » (“founding” event, founding moment in national commemoration), -1888 ., 1988 . --, «40000 -». , -Eviatar Zerubavel.,Time Maps, p. 109.

4Eviatar Zerubavel, Social Memories, p. 294; Eviatar Zerubavel, Time Maps, p. 4-5.

48

, , , 1912 .1500 400- 1 , -/ -1000- -1939 ., 501965 ., -2750- 1968 ., -100- 1969 ., -1700-2001 .

, , « » (coremember) « » (memorial days), , « » , -,, ,« »2 -( ) -. --, ---«, », . 3 -

1, , « », . ,, . 412-1512-1912, -, 1913

2. Iwona Irwin-Zarecka, . ., 29

3Paul Connerton, How Societies Remember. Cambridge et al., 1989, p. 45.

49

--, -,, 1

, ,, ,-(Thanksgiving Day)« », -, ., (Passover) -, , -« -» -2 , 1790- . --, -3 ,

1. , . .- -, , 2003, 245-248

2Eviatar Zerubavel, Easter and Passover: On Calendars and Group Identity.– American Sociological Review, Vol. 47 (1982), p. 284-289.. Calendars and History: A Comparative Study of the Social Organization of National Memory.– States of Memory, p. 315-337.

3Огюстен Кабанес и Леонард Насс. Указ. соч., с. 420-441 (“Республи-

канский календарь”).

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