Lesson 5

Определения

Определительные придаточные предложения

Слова carry и mean и словосочетания с ними

Суффиксы -/ve, -иге

Префикс super-

Text 5А. Is there an End to the Computer Race ?

Text 5B. Computers Concern You

Text 5C.

Text 5D. The Library of Congress

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на раз­ные способы выражения определения.

a new invention, to be of great importance, books available in this library, at this time, our professor's lectures, the building of their institute, an institute's library, a television programme, our central TV programme, the first television set, the first pocket-size colour television set, today's shows, a tiny nine-by-twelve inch box, the 1939 World Fair, a reading room, people living in different time zones of the country, modern TV sets appearing now, a writ­ten text, a factory built in Siberia, an article to translate, the first to translate those texts.

Упражнение 2. Укажите предложения, где выделенное слово является определением.

1. Complex systems of radio transmission networks have been set up throughout the world. 2. Scientists all over the world were quick to realize the importance of radio and contributed much to

82

its further development. 3. The Russian scientist A.S.Popov worked much at the problem of radio communication. 4. It is necessary to radio the latest news to distant parts of the country. 5. The system of communication in any country is unthinkable today without sat­ellites. 6. Electronic technology has made it possible to set up auto­matic communication systems. 7. A new international orbital system provides telephone, telegraph and telex communication with ships practically in every part of the World Ocean. 8. It is known that a photon is a particle of light. 9. Some specialists expect that a photon can greatly increase the operation of a computer. 10. Photon com­puters are quite possible in the not so far future.

Упражнение 3. Найдите определения в предложениях и переведите их.

A. 1. There are twenty-five students in our group, five students got excellent marks for all their exams. 2. Students studying at our institute must know mathematics well. 3. The device made at our laboratory will be used in industry. 4. It is a short and easy text, our students don't need a dictionary to translate it. 5. Scientists work­ ing at new computers have a lot of different problems to solve. 6. A citizen of our country was the first to circle the globe. 7. The first television black-and-white pictures produced a sensation in 1939. 8. A tiny nine-by-twelve inch box was displayed at the 1939 World Fair. 9. Now we can see many different radio and TV sets in every house. 10. Computers of different types and sizes have appeared in every country of the world.

B. 1. Materials necessary at present to produce supercomputers are difficult to make. 2. A system capable of transmitting long dis­ tance messages was developed at the end of the last century. 3. Peo­ ple present at the World Fair in New York were interested in the new invention. 4. Some general engineering subjects difficult for the first-year students are necessary for studying specialized subjects.

Упражнение 4. Назовите подлежащее придаточного определительного предложения, переведите и укажите, где можно опустить союзное слово.

1. Morse invented a code that used dots and dashes for letters of the alphabet. 2. Al. Bell found an assistant who was a specialist in electrical engineering. 3. They wanted to build a machine which people could use to talk over long distances. 4. A television screen and camera that will be used with a usual telephone are very small. 5. People who come to the Aircraft Fair in Paris see new designs of aircraft from different countries. 6. Bell did not know German

83

which most writers of scientific and technical papers used at the time. 7. The decimal system that was developed by French scien­tists was introduced in Russia by D.I. Mendeleev.

Упражнение 5. Измените предложения, где это возможно, согласно об­разцам и переведите.

A. Например: The experiments which Popov made were discussed at the Univer­ sity meeting. The experiments Popov made were discussed at the University meeting.

1. Newton's great work which was published in 1687 is called «Principia». 2. The Russian Chemical Society which is named after Mendeleev was organised more than a century ago. 3. The subjects that the students study in the first and second years are very impor­tant for their future speciality. 4. The invention which Popov made did not interest the government.

B. Например: The laboratory in which the students will work is in a new build­ ing. The laboratory which the students will work in is in a new building. The labora­ tory the students will work in is in a new building.

1. The film about which we were told had been made several years before. 2. The magazine in which a very interesting article is published is available in our library. 3. The material of which this instrument is made is a new one. 4. This is a subject about which we don't know much. 5. The cosmonauts about whom we heard so much came to our town. 6. Have you seen the main components which the new device consists of?

Упражнение 6. Найдите бессоюзные определительные придаточные предложения, переведите их.

1. The building our students live in is not far from the institute. 2. Bell was making his experiment in a room next to the room Wat­son worked in. 3. For a long time Bell couldn't get the results he was looking for. 4. The discovery of Newton's mistake we shall read about was made by a young physicist. 5. When Roentgen made his discovery the room he was experimenting in was dark. 6. The plant this material is produced at is in the Urals. 7. The problem this arti­cle deals with is connected with the subject we study. 8. It is diffi­cult to imagine the world we live in without radio, television and telephone.

Упражнение 7. Определите, являются ли выделенные слова существи­тельным или глаголом. Назовите подтверждающие это признаки.

1. this means that; this means; it means; new means; this means is. 2. this increase is; this increases; it increases; nothing increases;

84

its increase. 3. these results; this results in; both results; this result; both result in; it results from.

Упражнение 8. Переведите выделенные словосочетания, обращая внима­ние на различные значения слова carry,

1. During the course of study students carry out practical work in well-equipped laboratories. 2. People are carried by airplanes, ships, trains and cars equipped with electronic devices. 3. Intensive work and research are being carried out on new robots in many countries. 4. A new computer carries out a few hundred thousand calculations in a few seconds. 5. Peter, help me carry this heavy box, please.

Упражнение 9. Найдите русские эквиваленты для следующих словосоче­таний.

to be in general usage; electronically controlled; in other words; of a few square millimetres; commonly; the more ..., the more; operation by operation; according to; advantage over; a thousand times faster.

согласно; размером в несколько мм; с электронным управ­лением; чем больше ..., тем больше; являться общеупотреби­тельным; операция за операцией; обычно; в 1000 раз быстрее; другими словами; преимущество по сравнению.

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ Упражнение 10. А. Переведите следующие производные слова:

глагол или существительное + -ive = прилагательное

to act — действовать -» active — деятельный

intensity- интенсивность -> intensive- интенсивный

to conserve — conservative, progress — progressive, effect — effective, mass — massive, to react — reactive;