Gp III Conoco
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Group III Base Oils: Their Role & How to Take Advantage of Them
th
By:
B. J. Hardy
K. K. Bjornen
S. F. Bell
The statements contained herein reflect those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of ConocoPhillips Company
Topics
• What are Group III Base Oils?
Caveat: this presentation reflects our North American market perspective
Base Oil & Lubricants
• 4th largest US lubricant manufacturer
API Base Oil Categories
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Group |
Viscosity Index |
Saturates % |
Sulfur % |
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I |
80 - 120 |
<90 |
>0.03 |
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II |
80 - 120 |
90 Min. |
0.03 Max. |
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III |
120+ |
90 Min. |
0.03 Max. |
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IV (All PAO) |
120 - 145 typical |
100 |
0 |
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V |
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All Others |
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Note: Group IV characteristics shown are not part of the API Def initions
API base oil categories serve their purpose well, but there are pitfalls!
The Formulators Challenge: Optimize cost & performance
Group IV
Group V
Group II / Group III
Performance
Group I
Cost
There are many base oils available - application requirements drive base oil selection
Group III Performance Benefits
Group III base oils offer benefits in three
A Bit of Chemistry
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Aromatic |
Naphthene Cycloparaffin Isoparaffin |
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More Paraffinic
Base oils with fewer ring molecules are more: paraffinic, saturated, & stable
Paraffin Content vs. Refining Severity
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Hydro- |
Hydro- |
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cracked |
cracked |
PAO |
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Group II |
Group III |
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Paraffins |
30 |
57 |
100 |
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Mono- |
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45 |
36 |
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Cycloparaffins |
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Poly- |
25 |
7 |
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Cycloparaffins |
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Aromatics |
0.02 |
0.01 |
- |
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Cycloparaffin Content
vs. Viscosity Index & Volatility
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Base Oil API Category |
I |
II |
III |
IV |
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VI |
101 |
102 |
128 |
124 |
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Analysis (%) |
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Avg # of rings |
1.9 |
1.6 |
0.7 |
0 |
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Noack Volatility |
30 |
27 |
12 |
13 |
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A lower # of rings (cycloparaffins) yield:
•Higher Viscosity Index
•Lower volatility
Oxidation as a Function of
Aromatics
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1300 |
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°C |
1200 |
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Increasing |
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1100 |
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at |
1000 |
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Oxidation |
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900 |
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Stability |
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800 |
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700 |
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600 |
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500 |
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0.01 |
0.10 |
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1.00 |
10.00 |
100.00 |
Aromatic wt%