- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Contents
- •(Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture)
- •(American Heritage Dictionary)
- •(American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition)
- •(Meriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Law)
- •In groups of three or four discuss the main features of democracy, its advantages and disadvantages, your personal attitude to it.
- •1. Skim through the text and continue the sentences:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •In groups discuss the following question:
- •Verb Noun Adjective
- •Is it necessary for a country and its citizens to have a constitution? Why? Sum up your ideas and write an essay devoted to this topic
- •1. Read the text once again and answer the detailed questions.
- •2. Complete the following sentences.
- •1. Translate the following lexical units from English into Russian.
- •2. Translate the following lexical units from Russian into English.
- •3. Match the following words with their definitions.
- •4. Give related words.
- •1. Watch the usage of the following irregular plurals. These words were borrowed from Latin and Greek that’s why their plural forms are not typical of English.
- •2. Complete the sentences with the suitable form of the words given above
- •3. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Watch the usage of the irregular plurals.
- •1. Translate the following lexical units from English into Russian
- •2. Translate the following lexical units from Russian into English
- •3. Find the words in the text that correspond to the following. Make up sentences of your own to illustrate their meaning.
- •In groups of 3–4, you are going to set up your own political party. You will need to decide the following:
- •603950, Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 23
- •603600, Г. Нижний Новгород, ул. Большая Покровская, 37
1. Read the text once again and answer the detailed questions.
1. Why are elections the central institution of democratic representative governments?
2. What is understood by the competitive elections?
3. Why must the freedoms of speech, assembly and movement be observed at the elections?
4. Should democratic elections be periodic? Why/ Why not?
5. Why may judges be appointed for life?
6. In what cases may judges be removed?
7. When can a government be called democratic?
8. What do democratic elections determine?
9. What are the other ways of deciding policy except the elections?
10. How must the losers behave after the elections?
11. What are the opportunities of the defeated of taking part in the political and social life of the country?
2. Complete the following sentences.
……… are the basis of any democracy.
……… must enjoy the freedom of speech, assembly and movement.
……… are accountable to the people.
……… may be appointed for life.
……… must be able to take part in the elections.
……… hold the reins of power.
……… can also be asked to decide policy issues through referenda.
If the ……… loses, it turns over power peacefully.
……… are not a fight for survival but a competition to serve.
Word Study
1. Translate the following lexical units from English into Russian.
Authority, fair elections, possess certain characteristic features, competitive, opposition parties, candidates, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of movement, voice criticism, presuppose, officials, be accountable to, be appointed for life, serious improprieties, protect from popular pressure, ensure impartiality, hold the reins of power, decide policy issues, referendum, losers, the defeated, incumbent party, turn over power, compete for power.
2. Translate the following lexical units from Russian into English.
Честные выборы, соревновательный, кандидаты, свобода собрания, озвучивать критику, чиновники, быть назначенным на пост пожизненно, защищать от общественного давления, держать бразды правления, референдум, партия власти, бороться за власть, обладать определенными характерными чертами, власть, партии оппозиции, свобода слова, свобода передвижения, предполагать, быть ответственным перед…, непристойное поведение, обеспечивать беспристрастность, решать политические проблемы, проигравший(2), передавать власть.
3. Match the following words with their definitions.
1. authority a/ express in words
2. derive from b/ look for, search for
3. voice c/ indecent behaviour
4. seek d/ holding an official post
5. be appointed e/ try to win something
6. impropriety f/ come from, originate from
7. incumbent g/ power or right to control
8. compete h/ get the post of
4. Give related words.
Verb Noun Adjective
Compete --------- competitive
----------- --------- inclusive
Define --------- definitive
------------ opposition -----------
------------ ------------ accountable
Exclude ------------ exclusive
-------------- constitution --------------
-------------- legislature --------------
-------------- objections ---------------
-------------- alternative ---------------
Grammar